PMID- 22989852
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130517
LR  - 20220318
IS  - 1873-3492 (Electronic)
IS  - 0009-8981 (Linking)
VI  - 414
DP  - 2012 Dec 24
TI  - Small dense LDL: An emerging risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
PG  - 215-24
LID - S0009-8981(12)00445-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.cca.2012.09.010 [doi]
AB  - Although low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is a strong risk factor for 
      coronary artery disease (CAD), LDL-C levels are not always elevated in CAD 
      patients. LDL consists of several subclasses with distinct sizes, densities, and 
      physicochemical compositions. Thus, LDL subclasses can be separated by various 
      laboratory procedures. Among them, ultracentrifugation and electrophoresis have 
      been used most frequently for determining LDL subclasses. Accumulating evidence 
      has shown that a predominance of small dense LDL (sd-LDL) is closely associated 
      with CAD. Moreover, sd-LDL-cholesterol (sd-LDL-C) concentrations are elevated in 
      groups at a high risk for CAD, such as patients with type 2 diabetes and 
      metabolic syndrome. Therefore, sd-LDL concentration is recognized as a surrogate 
      marker for CAD. However, some studies failed to show therapeutic modulation of 
      sd-LDL, likely because separating methods and sd-LDL particle definitions have 
      not yet been standardized. Recently, a detergent-based homogenous assay for 
      sd-LDL-C has been developed. This method does not require any pretreatment, and 
      the measured values are highly reproducible with an automated analyzer. These 
      features are suitable for large-scale clinical studies. This homogeneous assay is 
      a useful tool for clarifying whether sd-LDL-C is a superior marker to LDL-C, and 
      whether sd-LDL-C lipid-lowering therapies decrease the incidence of CAD.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Hirayama, Satoshi
AU  - Hirayama S
AD  - Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School 
      of Medicine, Hongo 2-1-1, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan. 
      sthiraya@juntendo.ac.jp
FAU - Miida, Takashi
AU  - Miida T
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20120916
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Clin Chim Acta
JT  - Clinica chimica acta; international journal of clinical chemistry
JID - 1302422
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Cholesterol, LDL)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers/blood/metabolism
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/*blood/metabolism/pathology
MH  - Cholesterol, LDL/*blood/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Risk Factors
EDAT- 2012/09/20 06:00
MHDA- 2013/05/18 06:00
CRDT- 2012/09/20 06:00
PHST- 2012/06/05 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/08/24 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/09/07 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/09/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/09/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/05/18 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0009-8981(12)00445-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.cca.2012.09.010 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Chim Acta. 2012 Dec 24;414:215-24. doi: 10.1016/j.cca.2012.09.010. Epub 2012 
      Sep 16.