PMID- 23009565 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20130304 LR - 20211021 IS - 1742-4690 (Electronic) IS - 1742-4690 (Linking) VI - 9 DP - 2012 Sep 25 TI - NF-kappaB activation: Tax sumoylation is out, but what about Tax ubiquitination? PG - 78 LID - 10.1186/1742-4690-9-78 [doi] AB - Activation of the NF-kappaB transcription factors by the viral protein Tax plays a vital role in the pathogenesis of diseases associated with human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I). The Tax oncoprotein undergoes constitutive K63-linked ubiquitination and sumoylation; however, the roles and molecular mechanisms of these post-translational modifications in Tax-mediated NF-kappaB activation are being debated. Here, we discuss our current understanding of Tax activation of NF-kappaB, with a focus on the controversies and the challenges that we are facing. FAU - Xiao, Gutian AU - Xiao G AD - University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, University of Pittsburgh Medical Centers, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. xiaog2@upmc.edu LA - eng GR - R01 CA116616/CA/NCI NIH HHS/United States PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't PT - Review DEP - 20120925 PL - England TA - Retrovirology JT - Retrovirology JID - 101216893 RN - 0 (Gene Products, tax) RN - 0 (NF-kappa B) RN - 0 (tax protein, Human T-lymphotrophic virus 1) SB - IM MH - Gene Products, tax/*metabolism MH - *Host-Pathogen Interactions MH - Human T-lymphotropic virus 1/*pathogenicity MH - Humans MH - Models, Biological MH - NF-kappa B/*immunology/*metabolism MH - *Sumoylation MH - *Ubiquitination PMC - PMC3470980 EDAT- 2012/09/27 06:00 MHDA- 2013/03/05 06:00 PMCR- 2012/09/25 CRDT- 2012/09/27 06:00 PHST- 2012/08/13 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/09/05 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/09/27 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/09/27 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2013/03/05 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2012/09/25 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 1742-4690-9-78 [pii] AID - 10.1186/1742-4690-9-78 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Retrovirology. 2012 Sep 25;9:78. doi: 10.1186/1742-4690-9-78.