PMID- 23047767
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140305
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1942-7611 (Electronic)
IS  - 1942-7603 (Linking)
VI  - 5
IP  - 8
DP  - 2013 Aug
TI  - Evaluation of pre-analysis loss of dependent drugs in wastewater: stability and 
      binding assessments.
PG  - 716-21
LID - 10.1002/dta.1428 [doi]
AB  - Wastewater analysis has the potential to provide objective and timely data on 
      population drug consumption, but some crucial factors such as pre-analysis drug 
      loss during sample storage and filtration could affect the accuracy and 
      reliability of the method, and these uncertainties have yet to be fully assessed. 
      This study was designed to evaluate analyte stability in wastewater stored under 
      different conditions with the aim of optimizing the sample storage procedures for 
      future studies. It also investigated whether there is significant analyte loss 
      during filtration before sample extraction and storage after that. The studied 
      substances and metabolites were: cotinine, cocaine and its metabolite 
      benzoylecgonine, phenethylamines amphetamine, methamphetamine, 
      3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA), 
      opioids including codeine, methadone, 6-monoacetylmorphine (MAM) and morphine. In 
      most situations, storing samples at 4  degrees C is sufficient to stabilize analytes for 
      at least 2 weeks, and refrigeration is unnecessary during sample transportation 
      within 3 days. However, additional measures need to be taken if unstable analytes 
      such as cocaine and MAM are to be analyzed. No significant analyte loss was 
      observed in the filtration process or in reconstituted extract stored at 4  degrees C or 
      -20  degrees C for 2 weeks. By choosing stable analytes and proper storage conditions, 
      wastewater analysis has the potential to provide accurate data for estimation of 
      community drug use.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
FAU - Chen, Chang
AU  - Chen C
AD  - Discipline of Pharmacology, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia. 
      chang.chen@adelaide.edu.au
FAU - Kostakis, Chris
AU  - Kostakis C
FAU - Irvine, Rodney J
AU  - Irvine RJ
FAU - Felgate, Peter D
AU  - Felgate PD
FAU - White, Jason M
AU  - White JM
LA  - eng
PT  - Evaluation Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20121009
PL  - England
TA  - Drug Test Anal
JT  - Drug testing and analysis
JID - 101483449
RN  - 0 (Illicit Drugs)
RN  - 0 (Morphine Derivatives)
RN  - 0 (Waste Water)
RN  - 0 (Water Pollutants, Chemical)
RN  - 44RAL3456C (Methamphetamine)
RN  - 5353I8I6YS (benzoylecgonine)
RN  - 76I7G6D29C (Morphine)
RN  - CK833KGX7E (Amphetamine)
RN  - I5Y540LHVR (Cocaine)
RN  - K5161X06LL (Cotinine)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
RN  - M5E47P1ZCH (6-O-monoacetylmorphine)
RN  - UX6OWY2V7J (Codeine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Amphetamine/analysis
MH  - Chromatography, Liquid/methods
MH  - Cocaine/analogs & derivatives/analysis
MH  - Codeine/analysis
MH  - Cotinine/analysis
MH  - Drug Stability
MH  - Illicit Drugs/*analysis
MH  - Liquid-Liquid Extraction/methods
MH  - Methamphetamine/analysis
MH  - Morphine/analysis
MH  - Morphine Derivatives/analysis
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/analysis
MH  - Tandem Mass Spectrometry/*methods
MH  - Wastewater/*analysis
MH  - Water Pollutants, Chemical/*analysis
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - LC-MS/MS
OT  - binding
OT  - drug
OT  - stability
OT  - wastewater
EDAT- 2012/10/11 06:00
MHDA- 2014/03/07 06:00
CRDT- 2012/10/11 06:00
PHST- 2012/04/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/08/20 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/09/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/10/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/10/11 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/03/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/dta.1428 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Drug Test Anal. 2013 Aug;5(8):716-21. doi: 10.1002/dta.1428. Epub 2012 Oct 9.