PMID- 23049501 OWN - NLM STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE DCOM- 20121011 LR - 20211021 IS - 1662-5129 (Electronic) IS - 1662-5129 (Linking) VI - 6 DP - 2012 TI - The main but not the accessory olfactory system is involved in the processing of socially relevant chemosignals in ungulates. PG - 39 LID - 10.3389/fnana.2012.00039 [doi] LID - 39 AB - Ungulates like sheep and goats have, like many other mammalian species, two complementary olfactory systems. The relative role played by these two systems has long been of interest regarding the sensory control of social behavior. The study of ungulate social behavior could represent a complimentary alternative to rodent studies because they live in a more natural environment and their social behaviors depend heavily on olfaction. In addition, the relative size of the main olfactory bulb (MOB) [in comparison to the accessory olfactory bulb (AOB)] is more developed than in many other lissencephalic species like rodents. In this review, we present data showing a clear involvement of the main olfactory system in two well-characterized social situations under olfactory control in ungulates, namely maternal behavior and offspring recognition at birth and the reactivation of the gonadotropic axis of females exposed to males during the anestrous season. In conclusion, we discuss the apparent discrepancy between the absence of evidence for a role of the vomeronasal system in ungulate social behavior and the existence of a developed accessory olfactory system in these species. FAU - Keller, Matthieu AU - Keller M AD - INRA, UMR 85 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements Nouzilly, France ; CNRS, UMR 7247 Physiologie de la Reproduction et des Comportements Nouzilly, France ; Universite Francois Rabelais de Tours Tours, France. FAU - Levy, Frederic AU - Levy F LA - eng PT - Journal Article DEP - 20120919 PL - Switzerland TA - Front Neuroanat JT - Frontiers in neuroanatomy JID - 101477943 PMC - PMC3446679 OTO - NOTNLM OT - male effect OT - maternal behavior OT - olfactory learning OT - olfactory systems OT - sociosexual interactions OT - vomeronasal organ EDAT- 2012/10/11 06:00 MHDA- 2012/10/11 06:01 PMCR- 2012/01/01 CRDT- 2012/10/11 06:00 PHST- 2012/06/07 00:00 [received] PHST- 2012/08/30 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2012/10/11 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2012/10/11 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2012/10/11 06:01 [medline] PHST- 2012/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - 10.3389/fnana.2012.00039 [doi] PST - epublish SO - Front Neuroanat. 2012 Sep 19;6:39. doi: 10.3389/fnana.2012.00039. eCollection 2012.