PMID- 23053219
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130618
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1434-0879 (Electronic)
IS  - 0300-5623 (Linking)
VI  - 40
IP  - 6
DP  - 2012 Dec
TI  - Renal tubular epithelial cell injury, apoptosis and inflammation are involved in 
      melamine-related kidney stone formation.
PG  - 717-23
LID - 10.1007/s00240-012-0507-x [doi]
AB  - The objective of this study is to understand pathogenesis of melamine-related 
      kidney stone formation. We investigated the characterization of renal tubular 
      cell under exposure to a mixture of melamine and cyanuric acid in vivo. Male 
      Sprague-Dawley rats were separated into two experimental groups. Treatment group 
      was administered daily with a standard commercial diet mixing with melamine and 
      cyanuric acid, and control group was given a normal diet. Rat kidney specimens 
      were stained with hematoxylin/eosin and the crystals were examined using a 
      polarizing microscope. Renal tubular epithelial cells were observed by 
      transmission electron microscopy. Semiquantitative RT-PCR assay was performed to 
      determine monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) mRNA expression, a protein 
      in response to various proinflammatory stimuli. Apoptotic cells were examined by 
      TUNEL assay. Melamine-associated crystals formed in glomerulus and wide renal 
      tubule segment including proximal convoluted renal tubules, distal convoluted 
      renal tubules, the limb loops of Henle and medullary collecting ducts in the 
      cortex and medulla. Light microscopy results showed that the crystals lead to 
      tubular lumen dilatation and tubular epithelial cell necrosis. It was observed 
      that nucleus of renal tubular epithelial cells became irregular outlines and 
      condensed, lysosomal-related structures increased, and integrity of renal tubule 
      was deficient under electron microscopy. Apoptotic cells were noted widely in 
      cortex and medulla. MCP-1 mRNA expression was significantly increased in the 
      melamine and cyanuric acid-administrated group. Renal tubular epithelial cell 
      injury, apoptosis and inflammation are involved in melamine-related kidney stone 
      formation. Our findings are important for understanding pathogenesis of 
      melamine-related kidney stone formation and estimating its clinical prognosis.
FAU - Lu, Xiuli
AU  - Lu X
AD  - School of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, China.
FAU - Gao, Bing
AU  - Gao B
FAU - Wang, Youliang
AU  - Wang Y
FAU - Liu, Zehui
AU  - Liu Z
FAU - Yasui, Takahiro
AU  - Yasui T
FAU - Liu, Ping
AU  - Liu P
FAU - Liu, Jian
AU  - Liu J
FAU - Emmanuel, Newton
AU  - Emmanuel N
FAU - Zhu, Qiwen
AU  - Zhu Q
FAU - Xiao, Chunling
AU  - Xiao C
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20120928
PL  - Germany
TA  - Urol Res
JT  - Urological research
JID - 0364311
RN  - 0 (Triazines)
RN  - N3GP2YSD88 (melamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Apoptosis
MH  - Inflammation/chemically induced/*complications
MH  - Kidney Calculi/*etiology
MH  - Kidney Tubules/*pathology
MH  - Male
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Sprague-Dawley
MH  - Triazines/*adverse effects
EDAT- 2012/10/12 06:00
MHDA- 2013/06/19 06:00
CRDT- 2012/10/12 06:00
PHST- 2012/05/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/09/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/10/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/10/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/06/19 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s00240-012-0507-x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Urol Res. 2012 Dec;40(6):717-23. doi: 10.1007/s00240-012-0507-x. Epub 2012 Sep 
      28.