PMID- 23055646
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20121012
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 0974-8245 (Electronic)
IS  - 0974-777X (Print)
IS  - 0974-777X (Linking)
VI  - 4
IP  - 3
DP  - 2012 Jul
TI  - Virological investigation of hand, foot, and mouth disease in a tertiary care 
      center in South India.
PG  - 153-61
LID - 10.4103/0974-777X.100572 [doi]
AB  - CONTEXT: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) remains a common problem in India, 
      yet its etiology is largely unknown as diagnosis is based on clinical 
      characteristics. There are very few laboratory-based molecular studies on HFMD 
      outbreaks. AIM: The aim of this study was to characterize HFMD-related isolates 
      by molecular techniques. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Between 2005 and 2008, during two 
      documented HFMD outbreaks, 30 suspected HFMD cases presented at the Outpatient 
      Unit of the Department of Dermatology, Christian Medical College (CMC), Vellore. 
      Seventy-eight clinical specimens (swabs from throat, mouth, rectum, anus, 
      buttocks, tongue, forearm, sole, and foot) were received from these patients at 
      the Department of Clinical Virology, CMC, for routine diagnosis of hand, foot, 
      and mouth disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples from these patients were 
      cultured in Vero and rhabdomyosarcoma (RD) cell lines. Isolates producing 
      enterovirus-like cytopathogenic effect (CPE) in cell culture were identified by a 
      nested reverse transcription-based polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 
      sequenced. The nucleotide sequences were analyzed using the BioEdit sequence 
      program. Homology searches were performed using the Basic Local Alignment Search 
      Tool (BLAST) algorithm. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The statistical analysis was 
      performed using Epi Info version 6.04b and Microsoft Excel 2002 (Microsoft Office 
      XP). RESULTS: Of the 30 suspected HFMD cases, only 17 (57%) were laboratory 
      confirmed and Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) was identified as the etiological agent 
      in all these cases. CONCLUSIONS: Coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) was identified as the 
      virus that caused the HFMD outbreaks in Vellore between 2005 and 2008. Early 
      confirmation of HFMD helps to initiate control measures to interrupt virus 
      transmission. In the laboratory, classical diagnostic methods, culture and 
      serological tests are being replaced by molecular techniques. Routine 
      surveillance systems will help understand the epidemiology of HFMD in India.
FAU - Vijayaraghavan, Pavithra M
AU  - Vijayaraghavan PM
AD  - Department of Clinical Virology, Christian Medical College, Dr. Ida Scudder Road, 
      Vellore, Tamil Nadu, India.
FAU - Chandy, Sara
AU  - Chandy S
FAU - Selvaraj, Kavitha
AU  - Selvaraj K
FAU - Pulimood, Susanne
AU  - Pulimood S
FAU - Abraham, Asha M
AU  - Abraham AM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - India
TA  - J Glob Infect Dis
JT  - Journal of global infectious diseases
JID - 101521436
PMC - PMC3459432
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Coxsackie virus
OT  - Hand
OT  - South India
OT  - foot and mouth disease
COIS- Conflict of Interest: None declared.
EDAT- 2012/10/12 06:00
MHDA- 2012/10/12 06:01
PMCR- 2012/07/01
CRDT- 2012/10/12 06:00
PHST- 2012/10/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/10/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/10/12 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2012/07/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JGID-4-153 [pii]
AID - 10.4103/0974-777X.100572 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Glob Infect Dis. 2012 Jul;4(3):153-61. doi: 10.4103/0974-777X.100572.