PMID- 23073213
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130926
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1530-0315 (Electronic)
IS  - 0195-9131 (Linking)
VI  - 45
IP  - 3
DP  - 2013 Mar
TI  - Subclinical effects of aerobic training in urban environment.
PG  - 439-47
LID - 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31827767fc [doi]
AB  - PURPOSE: Particulate matter (PM) exposure is linked to inflammation, 
      neuroinflammation, and cognitive decline, whereas aerobic training improves 
      cognition. We investigated the effects of PM exposure during aerobic training on 
      inflammatory biomarkers, serum brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), an 
      assumed mediator of exercise-induced cognitive improvements, and cognitive 
      performance. METHODS: Two groups of untrained volunteers completed an aerobic 
      training program of 12 wk, 3 sessions a week: one group (n = 15) in an urban and 
      another group (n = 9) in a rural environment. Ultrafine PM (UFPM) concentrations 
      were measured during each training session. Aerobic fitness (Cooper test), BDNF 
      serum levels, blood total and differential leukocyte counts, exhaled nitric oxide 
      levels, and cognitive performance (Stroop task, Operation Span, and Psychomotor 
      Vigilance task) were analyzed before and after the program. RESULTS: UFPM 
      concentrations were significantly higher in the urban environment compared with 
      the rural environment (P = 0.006). Fitness levels improved equally (P < 0.0001) 
      in both groups. Leukocyte counts (P = 0.02), neutrophil counts (P = 0.04), and 
      exhaled nitric oxide levels (P = 0.002) increased after training in the urban 
      group, whereas these parameters did not change in the rural group. The changes in 
      these markers' levels after training showed a positive correlation with the 
      personal average UFPM exposure during training. Reaction times on the Stroop task 
      improved in the rural group (P = 0.001), but not in the urban group. No effects 
      were found on BDNF levels, Operation Span, and Psychomotor Vigilance test 
      performances. CONCLUSION: Aerobic training in an urban environment with high 
      traffic-related air pollution increased inflammatory biomarkers, and, in contrast 
      to aerobic training in a rural environment, cognitive performance on the Stroop 
      task did not improve.
FAU - Bos, Inge
AU  - Bos I
AD  - Environmental Risk and Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research 
      (VITO), Mol, Belgium.
FAU - De Boever, Patrick
AU  - De Boever P
FAU - Vanparijs, Jef
AU  - Vanparijs J
FAU - Pattyn, Nathalie
AU  - Pattyn N
FAU - Panis, Luc Int
AU  - Panis LI
FAU - Meeusen, Romain
AU  - Meeusen R
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Med Sci Sports Exerc
JT  - Medicine and science in sports and exercise
JID - 8005433
RN  - 0 (Particulate Matter)
RN  - 31C4KY9ESH (Nitric Oxide)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Analysis of Variance
MH  - Breath Tests
MH  - Cities
MH  - Executive Function
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Inhalation Exposure/*adverse effects/analysis
MH  - Leukocyte Count
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Neutrophils
MH  - Nitric Oxide/analysis
MH  - Particulate Matter/*adverse effects/analysis
MH  - Physical Fitness
MH  - Psychomotor Performance
MH  - Reaction Time
MH  - Running/physiology/*psychology
MH  - Statistics, Nonparametric
MH  - Walking/physiology/*psychology
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2012/10/18 06:00
MHDA- 2013/09/27 06:00
CRDT- 2012/10/18 06:00
PHST- 2012/10/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/10/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/09/27 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31827767fc [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2013 Mar;45(3):439-47. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e31827767fc.