PMID- 23083295
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130207
LR  - 20171116
IS  - 1471-4159 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-3042 (Linking)
VI  - 124
IP  - 1
DP  - 2013 Jan
TI  - Microglial and astroglial activation by 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) 
      in mice depends on S(+) enantiomer and is associated with an increase in body 
      temperature and motility.
PG  - 69-78
LID - 10.1111/jnc.12060 [doi]
AB  - Evidence is accumulating to suggest that 3,4-methylenedioxymethamphetamine (MDMA) 
      has neurotoxic and neuroinflammatory properties. MDMA is composed of two 
      enantiomers with different biological activities. In this study, we evaluated the 
      in vivo effects of S(+)-MDMA, R(-)-MDMA, and S(+)-MDMA in combination with 
      R(-)-MDMA on microglial and astroglial activation compared with racemic MDMA, by 
      assessment of complement type 3 receptor (CD11b) and glial fibrillary acidic 
      protein (GFAP) immunoreactivity in the mouse striatum, nucleus accumbens, motor 
      cortex, and substantia nigra. Motor activity and body temperature were also 
      measured, to elucidate the physiological modifications paired with the observed 
      glial changes. Similar to racemic MDMA (4 x 20 mg/kg), S(+)-MDMA (4 x 10 mg/kg) 
      increased both CD11b and GFAP in the striatum, although to a lower degree, 
      whereas R(-)-MDMA (4 x 10 mg/kg) did not induce any significant glial activation. 
      Combined administration of S(+) plus R(-)-MDMA did not induce any further 
      activation compared with S(+)-MDMA. In all other areas, only racemic MDMA was 
      able to slightly activate the microglia, but not the astroglia, whereas 
      enantiomers had no effect, either alone or in combination. Racemic MDMA and 
      S(+)-MDMA similarly increased motor activity and raised body temperature, whereas 
      R(-)-MDMA affected neither body temperature nor motor activity. Interestingly, 
      the increase in body temperature was correlated with glial activation. The 
      results show that no synergism, but only additivity of effects, is caused by the 
      combined administration of S(+)- and R(-)-MDMA, and underline the importance of 
      investigating the biochemical and behavioral properties of the two MDMA 
      enantiomers to understand their relative contribution to the neuroinflammatory 
      and neurotoxic effects of MDMA.
CI  - (c) 2012 International Society for Neurochemistry.
FAU - Frau, Lucia
AU  - Frau L
AD  - Department of Biomedical Sciences, Section of Neuropsychopharmacology, University 
      of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy.
FAU - Simola, Nicola
AU  - Simola N
FAU - Plumitallo, Antonio
AU  - Plumitallo A
FAU - Morelli, Micaela
AU  - Morelli M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20121115
PL  - England
TA  - J Neurochem
JT  - Journal of neurochemistry
JID - 2985190R
RN  - 0 (CD11b Antigen)
RN  - 0 (Hallucinogens)
RN  - KE1SEN21RM (N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Astrocytes/*drug effects
MH  - Body Temperature/*drug effects
MH  - Brain/cytology/drug effects
MH  - CD11b Antigen/metabolism
MH  - Drug Interactions
MH  - Hallucinogens/chemistry/*toxicity
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Microglia/*drug effects
MH  - Motor Activity/*drug effects
MH  - N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine/chemistry/*toxicity
MH  - Stereoisomerism
EDAT- 2012/10/23 06:00
MHDA- 2013/02/08 06:00
CRDT- 2012/10/23 06:00
PHST- 2012/07/26 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/10/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/10/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/10/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/10/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/02/08 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/jnc.12060 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Neurochem. 2013 Jan;124(1):69-78. doi: 10.1111/jnc.12060. Epub 2012 Nov 15.