PMID- 23110886
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150806
LR  - 20220317
IS  - 1095-9572 (Electronic)
IS  - 1053-8119 (Print)
IS  - 1053-8119 (Linking)
VI  - 66
DP  - 2013 Feb 1
TI  - Spatial smoothing systematically biases the localization of reward-related brain 
      activity.
PG  - 270-7
LID - S1053-8119(12)01059-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.056 [doi]
AB  - Neuroimaging methods with enhanced spatial resolution such as functional magnetic 
      resonance imaging (FMRI) suggest that the subcortical striatum plays a critical 
      role in human reward processing. Analysis of FMRI data requires several 
      preprocessing steps, some of which entail tradeoffs. For instance, while spatial 
      smoothing can enhance statistical power, it may also bias localization towards 
      regions that contain more gray than white matter. In a meta-analysis and 
      reanalysis of an existing dataset, we sought to determine whether spatial 
      smoothing could systematically bias the spatial localization of foci related to 
      reward anticipation in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc). An activation likelihood 
      estimate (ALE) meta-analysis revealed that peak ventral striatal ALE foci for 
      studies that used smaller spatial smoothing kernels (i.e. <6mm FWHM) were more 
      anterior than those identified for studies that used larger kernels (i.e. >7mm 
      FWHM). Additionally, subtraction analysis of findings for studies that used 
      smaller versus larger smoothing kernels revealed a significant cluster of 
      differential activity in the left relatively anterior NAcc (Talairach 
      coordinates: -10, 9, -1). A second meta-analysis revealed that larger smoothing 
      kernels were correlated with more posterior localizations of NAcc activation foci 
      (p<0.015), but revealed no significant associations with other potentially 
      relevant parameters (including voxel volume, magnet strength, and publication 
      date). Finally, repeated analysis of a representative dataset processed at 
      different smoothing kernels (i.e., 0-12mm) also indicated that smoothing 
      systematically yielded more posterior activation foci in the NAcc (p<0.005). 
      Taken together, these findings indicate that spatial smoothing can systematically 
      bias the spatial localization of striatal activity. These findings have 
      implications both for historical interpretation of past findings related to 
      reward processing and for the analysis of future studies.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Sacchet, Matthew D
AU  - Sacchet MD
AD  - Neurosciences Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 
      94305-2130, USA; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 
      94305-2130, USA. Electronic address: msacchet@stanford.edu.
FAU - Knutson, Brian
AU  - Knutson B
AD  - Neurosciences Program, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 
      94305-2130, USA; Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 
      94305-2130, USA. Electronic address: knutson@psych.stanford.edu.
LA  - eng
GR  - R21 AG030778/AG/NIA NIH HHS/United States
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Meta-Analysis
PT  - Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.
DEP - 20121027
PL  - United States
TA  - Neuroimage
JT  - NeuroImage
JID - 9215515
SB  - IM
MH  - Humans
MH  - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted/*methods
MH  - Likelihood Functions
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
MH  - Nucleus Accumbens/*physiology
MH  - *Reward
PMC - PMC3618861
MID - NIHMS418568
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)
OT  - Monetary incentive delay (MID) task
OT  - Nucleus accumbens (NAcc)
OT  - Reward
OT  - Spatial smoothing
OT  - Ventral striatum (VS)
EDAT- 2012/11/01 06:00
MHDA- 2015/08/08 06:00
PMCR- 2014/04/27
CRDT- 2012/11/01 06:00
PHST- 2012/07/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/10/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/10/18 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/11/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/11/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/08/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/04/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S1053-8119(12)01059-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.056 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuroimage. 2013 Feb 1;66:270-7. doi: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.10.056. Epub 2012 
      Oct 27.