PMID- 23118686
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20121105
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1551-6776 (Print)
IS  - 1551-6776 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 1
DP  - 2004 Jan
TI  - Managing asthma: past, present, and future.
PG  - 6-14
LID - 10.5863/1551-6776-9.1.6 [doi]
AB  - Asthma has been recognized in the medical literature for almost 2000 years. 
      Modern pharmaco-therapy for asthma began with the commencement of the 20(th) 
      century following the development of epinephrine and the demonstration of its 
      effectiveness for acute symptoms of asthma. Progressive development of this class 
      of bronchodilator medication has provided greater beta2 specificity and longer 
      duration of action. Corticosteroids were introduced about 50 years ago. As a 
      systemic medication, they provided anti-inflammatory activity that continues to 
      be essential for exacerbations of symptoms that are unresponsive to a 
      bronchodilator. Corticosteroids were subsequently developed as inhaled agents for 
      long-term maintenance therapy. The availability of corticosteroids with high 
      topical effect has permitted the use of smaller doses with minimal systemic 
      effect; therefore, the inhaled corticosteroids have become the most effective 
      monotherapeutic agents for chronic asthma.Both theophylline and long-acting beta2 
      agonists (e.g., salmeterol) provide additive clinical effect to small doses of 
      inhaled corticosteroids. This effect is greater than that achieved with larger 
      doses of the inhaled steroid used alone. A new approach to managing allergic 
      asthma is now available in the form of a monoclonal antibody directed against 
      immunoglobulin E (IgE). This agent, omalizumab, binds to circulating IgE, thereby 
      preventing IgE from binding to mast cells. This subsequently prevents the release 
      of mediators for bronchospasm and inflammation. Under investigation are 
      monoclonal antibodies to modify the effects of interleukins involved in the 
      inflammatory process of asthma. Phosphodiesterase inhibitors that are more 
      specific than theophylline and monoclonal antibodies that prevent the attachment 
      of rhinovirus to respiratory mucosa are being studied. Since rhinoviruses are 
      major causes of acute exacerbations of asthma, these and other measures to 
      prevent or modify the common cold provide great potential for further improvement 
      in the outcome of asthma.
FAU - Weinberger, Miles
AU  - Weinberger M
AD  - Department of Pediatrics, Director, Pediatric Allergy & Pulmonary Division, 
      University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther
JT  - The journal of pediatric pharmacology and therapeutics : JPPT : the official 
      journal of PPAG
JID - 101089851
PMC - PMC3469151
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - asthma
EDAT- 2004/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 2004/01/01 00:01
PMCR- 2004/01/01
CRDT- 2012/11/03 06:00
PHST- 2012/11/03 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2004/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2004/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2004/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.5863/1551-6776-9.1.6 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Pediatr Pharmacol Ther. 2004 Jan;9(1):6-14. doi: 10.5863/1551-6776-9.1.6.