PMID- 23123691
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130826
LR  - 20131121
IS  - 1537-162X (Electronic)
IS  - 0362-5664 (Linking)
VI  - 35
IP  - 6
DP  - 2012 Nov-Dec
TI  - Tolerability profile of clonidine in the treatment of adults with Tourette 
      syndrome.
PG  - 269-72
LID - 10.1097/WNF.0b013e3182741c39 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Clonidine, an alpha-2 adrenergic agonist, has been used to treat 
      Tourette syndrome (TS) for nearly 3 decades. This first-tier medication is 
      especially recommended for children and adolescents with a combination of 
      attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and mild tics. Although clonidine is 
      thought to have a low rate of adverse effects (AEs), little is known about its 
      tolerability profile in adult patients with TS. METHODS: This study investigated 
      the prevalence and characteristics of AEs associated with clonidine through a 
      retrospective chart review. We assessed 36 patients with TS (27 men; mean [SD] 
      age, 24.6 +/- 13.9; range, 10-62 years), of whom 32 (88.8%) had comorbid conditions 
      (most common: attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, n = 12; 
      obsessive-compulsive disorder, n = 9). RESULTS: Seventeen patients (47.2%) 
      experienced AEs. Eleven patients (30.5%) withdrew clonidine because of the 
      severity of AE (n = 5) or absence (n = 4)/reduction (n = 2) in efficacy. The most 
      commonly reported AEs were sedation and headache. In most cases, AEs were mild 
      and occurred with higher starting doses. In 12 patients (70.6%) who also took 
      other psychotropic medications, cotherapy could have been linked to the 
      appearance of AE. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that clonidine is a safe and 
      well-tolerated medication in the TS population. Adults with TS treated with this 
      medication experience mild and relatively infrequent AE; high starting dose and 
      polytherapy seem to be the only clinically relevant risk factors for AE 
      development.
FAU - Cavanna, Andrea Eugenio
AU  - Cavanna AE
AD  - The Michael Trimble Neuropsychiatry Research Group, BSMHFT and University of 
      Birmingham, UK. a.cavanna@ion.ucl.ac.uk
FAU - Selvini, Claudia
AU  - Selvini C
FAU - Termine, Cristiano
AU  - Termine C
FAU - Balottin, Umberto
AU  - Balottin U
FAU - Eddy, Clare M
AU  - Eddy CM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Neuropharmacol
JT  - Clinical neuropharmacology
JID - 7607910
RN  - 0 (Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists)
RN  - 0 (Hypnotics and Sedatives)
RN  - MN3L5RMN02 (Clonidine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists/*adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Adult
MH  - Child
MH  - Clonidine/adverse effects/*therapeutic use
MH  - Cohort Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Headache/chemically induced
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypnotics and Sedatives/adverse effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Tourette Syndrome/*drug therapy/*epidemiology
MH  - Treatment Outcome
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2012/11/06 06:00
MHDA- 2013/08/27 06:00
CRDT- 2012/11/06 06:00
PHST- 2012/11/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/11/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/08/27 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1097/WNF.0b013e3182741c39 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Neuropharmacol. 2012 Nov-Dec;35(6):269-72. doi: 
      10.1097/WNF.0b013e3182741c39.