PMID- 23134685
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140506
LR  - 20220331
IS  - 1532-2769 (Electronic)
IS  - 1356-689X (Linking)
VI  - 18
IP  - 4
DP  - 2013 Aug
TI  - The use of pMRI to validate the identification of palpated bony landmarks.
PG  - 289-93
LID - S1356-689X(12)00234-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.math.2012.10.005 [doi]
AB  - Accurate palpation of lumbar spinous processes (SPs) is a key component of spinal 
      assessment. It is also vital for the accurate measurement of spinal motion when 
      using external skin marker-based measurement systems, which are being 
      increasingly used to understand low back disorders and their management. The aim 
      was to assess the accuracy of lumbar spinous process (SP) palpation using 
      positional magnetic resonance imagery (MRI) (pMRI). Two experienced manual 
      therapists palpated the L4 SP of nine pain-free participants in standing and 
      prone lying. For each position, an MRI marker was attached over the SP and pMRI 
      scanning was conducted. The position of the marker in relation to L4 on the MRI 
      images was visually inspected, and measurements (mm) of the vertical distance 
      from the superior/inferior aspect of the marker to the superior/inferior aspect 
      of the L4 SP were used to determine palpation accuracy. 71% of Markers were 
      correctly placed over the L4 SP. The magnitude of error for incorrectly placed 
      markers was small, with the largest median distance of 2.7 mm (interquartile 
      range (IQR) 0-3.6) recorded for one of the therapists palpating in prone lying. 
      100% of markers were correctly placed either on L4 or within one SP in height. 
      pMRI is useful for investigating the accuracy of SP palpation in positions 
      relevant to clinical and research practice.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Cooper, Kay
AU  - Cooper K
AD  - School of Health Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 
      7QG, UK. k.cooper@rgu.ac.uk
FAU - Alexander, Lyndsay
AU  - Alexander L
FAU - Hancock, Elizabeth
AU  - Hancock E
FAU - Smith, Francis W
AU  - Smith FW
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Validation Study
DEP - 20121104
PL  - Scotland
TA  - Man Ther
JT  - Manual therapy
JID - 9610924
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - *Anatomic Landmarks
MH  - Cross-Sectional Studies
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Lumbar Vertebrae/*anatomy & histology/physiology
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods
MH  - Male
MH  - Manipulation, Spinal/methods
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Observer Variation
MH  - Palpation/*methods
MH  - Patient Positioning/*methods
MH  - Pilot Projects
MH  - Posture
MH  - Prone Position
MH  - Reference Values
MH  - Sensitivity and Specificity
MH  - Young Adult
EDAT- 2012/11/09 06:00
MHDA- 2014/05/07 06:00
CRDT- 2012/11/09 06:00
PHST- 2012/05/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/10/08 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/10/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/11/09 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/11/09 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/05/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1356-689X(12)00234-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.math.2012.10.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Man Ther. 2013 Aug;18(4):289-93. doi: 10.1016/j.math.2012.10.005. Epub 2012 Nov 
      4.