PMID- 23166593
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130506
LR  - 20240109
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 11
DP  - 2012
TI  - Localization of a female-specific marker on the chromosomes of the brown seaweed 
      Saccharina japonica using fluorescence in situ hybridization.
PG  - e48784
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0048784 [doi]
LID - e48784
AB  - BACKGROUND: There is a heteromorphic alternative life in the brown seaweed, 
      Saccharina japonica (Aresch.) C. E. Lane, C. Mayes et G. W. Saunders 
      ( = Laminaria japonica Aresch.), with macroscopic monoecious sporophytes and 
      microscopic diecious gametophytes. Female gametophytes are genetically different 
      from males. It is very difficult to identify the parent of a sporophyte using 
      only routine cytological techniques due to homomorphic chromosomes. A 
      sex-specific marker is one of the best ways to make this determination. 
      METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: To obtain clear images, chromosome preparation 
      was improved using maceration enzymes and fluorochrome 4', 
      6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI). The chromosome number of both male and female 
      haploid gametophytes was 31, and there were 62 chromosomes in diploid 
      sporophytes. Although the female chromosomes ranged from 0.77 microm to 2.61 microm in 
      size and were larger than the corresponding ones in the males (from 0.57 microm to 
      2.16 microm), there was not a very large X chromosome in the females. Based on the 
      known female-related FRML-494 marker, co-electrophoresis and Southern blot 
      profiles demonstrated that it was inheritable and specific to female 
      gametophytes. Using modified fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), this 
      marker could be localized on one unique chromosome of the female gametophytes as 
      well as the sporophytes, whereas no hybridization signal was detected in the male 
      gametophytes. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our data suggest that this marker was a 
      female chromosome-specific DNA sequence. This is the first report of molecular 
      marker localization on algal chromosomes. This research provides evidence for the 
      benefit of using FISH for identifying molecular markers for sex identification, 
      isolation of specific genes linked to this marker in the females, and sex 
      determination of S. japonica gametophytes in the future.
FAU - Liu, Yu
AU  - Liu Y
AD  - College of Aqua-life Sciences and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, 
      Shanghai, China.
FAU - Bi, YanHui
AU  - Bi Y
FAU - Gu, JunGang
AU  - Gu J
FAU - Li, LiHua
AU  - Li L
FAU - Zhou, ZhiGang
AU  - Zhou Z
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20121107
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (DNA Primers)
RN  - 0 (Genetic Markers)
RN  - 0 (Indoles)
RN  - 47165-04-8 (DAPI)
SB  - IM
MH  - Blotting, Southern
MH  - Chromosomes/*genetics
MH  - DNA Primers/genetics
MH  - Genetic Markers/*genetics
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Indoles
MH  - Microscopy, Fluorescence
MH  - Phaeophyceae/*genetics
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Sex Determination Analysis/methods
MH  - Sex Factors
PMC - PMC3497718
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2012/11/21 06:00
MHDA- 2013/05/07 06:00
PMCR- 2012/11/07
CRDT- 2012/11/21 06:00
PHST- 2012/05/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/10/01 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/11/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/11/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/05/07 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/11/07 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-12-15113 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0048784 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e48784. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0048784. Epub 2012 Nov 7.