PMID- 23167796
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130722
LR  - 20190907
IS  - 1873-4294 (Electronic)
IS  - 1568-0266 (Linking)
VI  - 12
IP  - 19
DP  - 2012
TI  - The central nervous system as a promising target to treat diabetes mellitus.
PG  - 2070-81
AB  - Most of the drugs available to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) act either 
      in the pancreas by increasing insulin secretion or in tissues such as the liver 
      or muscle by improving insulin sensitivity. However, recent studies have shown 
      that the brain also plays a critical role in the regulation of glucose 
      homeostasis. For example, central leptin administration reduces hyperglycemia and 
      improves the survival of mice with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). In addition, 
      several pieces of evidence show that the brain can control the insulin 
      sensitivity in different tissues and the pancreatic secretion of insulin and 
      glucagon. Therefore, the brain emerges as a promising new target of drugs aiming 
      to treat both T1DM and T2DM. An exciting finding is that there is a partial 
      overlap between neuronal populations that regulate energy balance and glucose 
      homeostasis. Therefore, obesity and T2DM may have similar origins that are 
      related to dysfunctions in the central nervous system. Likewise, future drugs 
      that target the brain to treat T2DM may have beneficial effects in reducing body 
      weight, and vice versa. In this review, the recent data showing how the brain is 
      able to have an important regulatory effect over blood glucose levels as well as 
      the possible neuronal circuitries involved in the control of glucose homeostasis 
      will be summarized. The opportunities and challenges of using synthetic drugs or 
      natural compounds that act in the central nervous system to treat diabetes 
      mellitus will also be discussed.
FAU - Donato, Jose Jr
AU  - Donato J Jr
AD  - Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, 
      University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil, 05508-000. jdonato@icb.usp.br
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
PL  - United Arab Emirates
TA  - Curr Top Med Chem
JT  - Current topics in medicinal chemistry
JID - 101119673
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Leptin)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Central Nervous System/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/*drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/*drug therapy/metabolism
MH  - Glucose/metabolism
MH  - Homeostasis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Insulin/metabolism
MH  - Leptin/metabolism
MH  - Lipodystrophy/metabolism
MH  - Signal Transduction
EDAT- 2012/11/22 06:00
MHDA- 2013/07/23 06:00
CRDT- 2012/11/22 06:00
PHST- 2012/07/23 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/10/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/11/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/11/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/07/23 06:00 [medline]
AID - CTMC-EPUB-20121112-5 [pii]
AID - 10.2174/156802612804910214 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Curr Top Med Chem. 2012;12(19):2070-81. doi: 10.2174/156802612804910214.