PMID- 23170180
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130424
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1999-4915 (Electronic)
IS  - 1999-4915 (Linking)
VI  - 4
IP  - 9
DP  - 2012 Sep
TI  - Human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I down-regulation by human immunodeficiency 
      virus type 1 negative factor (HIV-1 Nef): what might we learn from natural 
      sequence variants?
PG  - 1711-30
LID - v4091711 [pii]
LID - 10.3390/v4091711 [doi]
AB  - HIV-1 causes a chronic infection in humans that is characterized by high plasma 
      viremia, progressive loss of CD4+ T lymphocytes, and severe immunodeficiency 
      resulting in opportunistic disease and AIDS. Viral persistence is mediated in 
      part by the ability of the Nef protein to down-regulate HLA molecules on the 
      infected cell surface, thereby allowing HIV-1 to evade recognition by antiviral 
      CD8+ T lymphocytes. Extensive research has been conducted on Nef to determine 
      protein domains that are required for its immune evasion activities and to 
      identify critical cellular co-factors, and our mechanistic understanding of this 
      process is becoming more complete. This review highlights our current knowledge 
      of Nef-mediated HLA class I down-regulation and places this work in the context 
      of naturally occurring sequence variation in this protein. We argue that efforts 
      to fully understand the critical role of Nef for HIV-1 pathogenesis will require 
      greater analysis of patient-derived sequences to elucidate subtle differences in 
      immune evasion activity that may alter clinical outcome.
FAU - Mwimanzi, Philip
AU  - Mwimanzi P
AD  - Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 
      University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada. pwimanzi@sfu.ca
FAU - Markle, Tristan J
AU  - Markle TJ
FAU - Ueno, Takamasa
AU  - Ueno T
FAU - Brockman, Mark A
AU  - Brockman MA
LA  - eng
GR  - CIHR/Canada
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20120924
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Viruses
JT  - Viruses
JID - 101509722
RN  - 0 (Histocompatibility Antigens Class I)
RN  - 0 (Virulence Factors)
RN  - 0 (nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus)
RN  - 0 (nef protein, Human immunodeficiency virus 1)
SB  - IM
EIN - Viruses. 2012 Oct;4(10):2014-5. PMID: 23202450
MH  - CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/immunology
MH  - *Down-Regulation
MH  - *Genetic Variation
MH  - HIV-1/*pathogenicity
MH  - Histocompatibility Antigens Class I/*biosynthesis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immune Evasion
MH  - Virulence Factors/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus/genetics/*metabolism
PMC - PMC3499827
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - HIV-1
OT  - HLA class I
OT  - Nef
OT  - cytotoxic T lymphocyte
OT  - host immune selection pressure
OT  - immune evasion
OT  - viral sequence diversity
EDAT- 2012/11/22 06:00
MHDA- 2013/04/25 06:00
PMCR- 2012/09/01
CRDT- 2012/11/22 06:00
PHST- 2012/08/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/09/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/09/21 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/11/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/11/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/04/25 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/09/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - v4091711 [pii]
AID - viruses-04-01711 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/v4091711 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Viruses. 2012 Sep;4(9):1711-30. doi: 10.3390/v4091711. Epub 2012 Sep 24.