PMID- 23182870
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130723
LR  - 20130114
IS  - 1872-6283 (Electronic)
IS  - 0379-0738 (Linking)
VI  - 224
IP  - 1-3
DP  - 2013 Jan 10
TI  - A review of impurity profiling and synthetic route of manufacture of 
      methylamphetamine, 3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine, amphetamine, 
      dimethylamphetamine and p-methoxyamphetamine.
PG  - 8-26
LID - S0379-0738(12)00494-X [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.10.040 [doi]
AB  - Amphetamine-type substances (ATS), like other synthetically derived compounds, 
      can be produced by a multitude of synthetic pathways using a variety of 
      precursors and reagents, resulting in a large number of possible contaminants 
      (by-products, intermediates and impurities). This review article describes the 
      common contaminants found in preparations of methylamphetamine (MA), 
      3,4-methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA), amphetamine (AP), 
      N,N-dimethylamphetamine (DMA) and p-methoxyamphetamine (PMA) synthesised via 
      common synthetic pathways including reductive amination, Leuckart method, Nagai 
      method, Emde method, Birch reduction, "Moscow" method, Wacker process, 
      "Nitrostyrene" method and the Peracid oxidation method. Contaminants can 
      facilitate identification of the synthetic route, origin of precursors and may 
      suggest information as to the location of manufacture of these illicit drugs. 
      Contaminant profiling can provide vital intelligence for investigations in which 
      linking seizures or identifying the synthetic pathway is essential. This review 
      article presents an accessible resource; a compilation of contaminants resulting 
      from a variety of manufacturing methods used to synthesise the most common ATS. 
      It is important for research in this field to continue as valuable information 
      can be extracted from illicit drug samples, increasing discrimination amongst 
      ATS, and in turn, leading to an increase in evidential value and forensic drug 
      intelligence from forensic drug samples.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Stojanovska, Natasha
AU  - Stojanovska N
AD  - Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney, PO Box 123, 
      Broadway, NSW 2007, Australia. natasha.stojanovska@student.uts.edu.au
FAU - Fu, Shanlin
AU  - Fu S
FAU - Tahtouh, Mark
AU  - Tahtouh M
FAU - Kelly, Tamsin
AU  - Kelly T
FAU - Beavis, Alison
AU  - Beavis A
FAU - Kirkbride, K Paul
AU  - Kirkbride KP
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20121124
PL  - Ireland
TA  - Forensic Sci Int
JT  - Forensic science international
JID - 7902034
EDAT- 2012/11/28 06:00
MHDA- 2012/11/28 06:01
CRDT- 2012/11/28 06:00
PHST- 2012/03/09 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/10/19 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/10/30 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/11/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/11/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/11/28 06:01 [medline]
AID - S0379-0738(12)00494-X [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.10.040 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Forensic Sci Int. 2013 Jan 10;224(1-3):8-26. doi: 
      10.1016/j.forsciint.2012.10.040. Epub 2012 Nov 24.