PMID- 23183227
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130702
LR  - 20130129
IS  - 1879-1026 (Electronic)
IS  - 0048-9697 (Linking)
VI  - 443
DP  - 2013 Jan 15
TI  - Environmental life cycle assessment of Ethiopian rose cultivation.
PG  - 163-72
LID - S0048-9697(12)01330-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.048 [doi]
AB  - A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted for Ethiopian rose cultivation. The 
      LCA covered the cradle-to-gate production of all inputs to Ethiopian rose 
      cultivation up to, and including transport to the Ethiopian airport. Primary data 
      were collected about materials and resources used as inputs to, and about the 
      product outputs from 21 farms in 4 geographical regions (i.e. Holleta, Sebeta, 
      Debre Ziet, and Ziway). The primary data were imported in, and analyzed with the 
      SimaPro7.3 software. Data for the production of used inputs were taken from the 
      EcoInvent(R)2.0 database. Emissions from input use on the farms were quantified 
      based on estimates and emission factors from various studies and guidelines. The 
      resulting life cycle inventory (LCI) table was next evaluated with the CML 2 
      baseline 2000 V2/world, 1990/characterization method to quantify the contribution 
      of the rose cultivation chain to 10 environmental impact categories. The set of 
      collected primary data was comprehensive and of high quality. The data point to 
      an intensive use of fertilizers, pesticides, and greenhouse plastic. Production 
      and use of these inputs also represent the major contributors in all 
      environmental impact categories. The largest contribution comes from the 
      production of the used fertilizers, specifically nitrogen-based fertilizers. The 
      use of calcium nitrate dominates Abiotic Depletion (AD), Global Warming (GW), 
      Human Toxicity (HT) and Marine Aquatic Ecotoxicity (MAET). It also makes a large 
      contribution to Ozone Depletion (OD), Acidification (AD) and Fresh water Aquatic 
      Ecotoxicity (FAET). Acidification (AC) and Eutrophication (EU) are dominated by 
      the emission of fertilizers. The emissions from the use of pesticides, especially 
      insecticides dominate Terrestrial Ecotoxicity (TE) and make a considerable 
      contribution to Freshwater Aquatic Ecotoxicity (FAET) and Photochemical Oxidation 
      (PhO). There is no visible contribution from the use of pesticides to the other 
      toxicity categories. Production and use of greenhouse plastic are another 
      important contributors, and just a bit less than the contribution of calcium 
      nitrate to Abiotic Depletion (AD). The results of this study clearly indicate 
      nutrient management and emissions from pesticide use, especially insecticides, as 
      a focus point for environmental optimization of the rose cultivation sector in 
      Ethiopia.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Sahle, Abiy
AU  - Sahle A
AD  - Environmental Systems Analysis (ESA), Wageningen University (WU), The 
      Netherlands.
FAU - Potting, Jose
AU  - Potting J
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20121124
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Sci Total Environ
JT  - The Science of the total environment
JID - 0330500
RN  - 0 (Fertilizers)
RN  - 0 (Pesticides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Agricultural Irrigation
MH  - Ethiopia
MH  - Eutrophication
MH  - Fertilizers
MH  - Pesticides
MH  - Rosa/*growth & development
EDAT- 2012/11/28 06:00
MHDA- 2013/07/03 06:00
CRDT- 2012/11/28 06:00
PHST- 2012/04/04 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/09/02 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/10/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/11/28 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/11/28 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/07/03 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0048-9697(12)01330-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.048 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Sci Total Environ. 2013 Jan 15;443:163-72. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.048. 
      Epub 2012 Nov 24.