PMID- 23202828
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130205
LR  - 20220410
IS  - 1660-4601 (Electronic)
IS  - 1661-7827 (Print)
IS  - 1660-4601 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 11
DP  - 2012 Nov 5
TI  - Ambient air pollution exposure and respiratory, cardiovascular and 
      cerebrovascular mortality in Cape Town, South Africa: 2001-2006.
PG  - 3978-4016
LID - 10.3390/ijerph9113978 [doi]
AB  - Little evidence is available on the strength of the association between ambient 
      air pollution exposure and health effects in developing countries such as South 
      Africa. The association between the 24-h average ambient PM(10), SO(2) and NO(2) 
      levels and daily respiratory (RD), cardiovascular (CVD) and cerebrovascular (CBD) 
      mortality in Cape Town (2001-2006) was investigated with a case-crossover design. 
      For models that included entire year data, an inter-quartile range (IQR) increase 
      in PM(10) (12 mg/m3) and NO(2) (12 mg/m3) significantly increased CBD mortality 
      by 4% and 8%, respectively. A significant increase of 3% in CVD mortality was 
      observed per IQR increase in NO(2) and SO(2) (8 mg/m3). In the warm period, 
      PM(10) was significantly associated with RD and CVD mortality. NO(2) had 
      significant associations with CBD, RD and CVD mortality, whilst SO(2) was 
      associated with CVD mortality. None of the pollutants were associated with any of 
      the three outcomes in the cold period. Susceptible groups depended on the 
      cause-specific mortality and air pollutant. There is significant RD, CVD and CBD 
      mortality risk associated with ambient air pollution exposure in South Africa, 
      higher than reported in developed countries.
FAU - Wichmann, Janine
AU  - Wichmann J
AD  - School of Health Systems and Public Health, Health Sciences Faculty, University 
      of Pretoria, P.O. Box 667, Pretoria 0001, South Africa. janine.wichmann@up.ac.za
FAU - Voyi, Kuku
AU  - Voyi K
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20121105
PL  - Switzerland
TA  - Int J Environ Res Public Health
JT  - International journal of environmental research and public health
JID - 101238455
SB  - IM
MH  - *Air Pollution
MH  - Cardiovascular Diseases/epidemiology/*mortality
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Cerebrovascular Disorders/epidemiology/*mortality
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Respiratory Tract Infections/epidemiology/*mortality
MH  - South Africa/epidemiology
PMC - PMC3524609
EDAT- 2012/12/04 06:00
MHDA- 2013/02/06 06:00
PMCR- 2012/11/01
CRDT- 2012/12/04 06:00
PHST- 2012/07/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/10/09 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/10/17 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/12/04 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/12/04 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/02/06 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/11/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - ijerph9113978 [pii]
AID - ijerph-09-03978 [pii]
AID - 10.3390/ijerph9113978 [doi]
PST - epublish
SO  - Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012 Nov 5;9(11):3978-4016. doi: 
      10.3390/ijerph9113978.