PMID- 23205677
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20150330
LR  - 20151026
IS  - 1747-4949 (Electronic)
IS  - 1747-4930 (Linking)
VI  - 9
IP  - 6
DP  - 2014 Aug
TI  - Characteristics of cerebral ischemia in major rat stroke models of middle 
      cerebral artery ligation through craniectomy.
PG  - 793-801
LID - 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00947.x [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The refinement of experimental stroke models is important for further 
      development of neuroprotective interventions. AIMS AND/OR HYPOTHESIS: Our goal 
      was to study the reproducibility of outcomes obtained in five rat models of 
      middle cerebral artery (MCA) ligation in order to identify the optimal model for 
      the preclinical studies. METHODS: In Part 1 of the experiments, systolic blood 
      flow velocity (sBFV) and cerebral area at risk (AR) were determined immediately 
      after the onset of brain ischemia induced in different ways in Wistar rats. After 
      that, another set of experiments was performed (Part 2 of the experiments), now 
      aimed at the assessment of the delayed outcome of five different models of 
      cerebral ischemia designated as Versions 1-5. The versions were: Version 1 - 
      40-minute left MCA (LMCA) occlusion with reperfusion; Version 2 - permanent LMCA 
      ligation; Version 3 - permanent ligation of both LMCA and left common carotid 
      artery (CCA); Version 4 - permanent LMCA and bilateral CCA (bCCA) ligation; 
      Version 5 - permanent LMCA ligation and 40-minute bCCA occlusion. The infarct 
      size (IS) was quantified using triphenyltetrazolium chloride staining. The 
      severity of neurological deficit was assessed by the Garcia score. The extent of 
      brain edema was determined by calculating the difference in volumes of affected 
      and contralateral hemispheres. RESULTS: Within a relatively big AR, Versions 1 
      and 2 resulted in a small IS [0.2 (0.0; 0.4)% and 0.3 (0.0; 0.7)%, respectively, 
      P > 0.05]. Unlike that and comparable with AR, Version 3 resulted in a greater, 
      albeit more variable IS [5.9 (2.1; 8.3)%, P < 0.0001 vs. Version 2]. Also 
      comparable with AR, Versions 4 and 5 produced greatest values of IS [14.5 (11.4; 
      17.9)% and 11.3 (10.1; 14.2)%, respectively]; this parameter was most 
      reproducible in Version 5. A significant decrease in neurological deficit score 
      was found in Versions 4 and 5. Again, the reproducibility of the data on 
      neurological outcome was higher in Version 5 versus Version 4. CONCLUSIONS: 
      Comparative analysis of several Versions of focal cerebral ischemia within a 
      single study might be helpful in better understanding of the mechanisms 
      underlying the development and aftermath of stroke. Permanent LMCA ligation plus 
      transient bilateral CCA occlusion produced most consistent results and might be 
      recommended for preclinical studies.
CI  - (c) 2012 The Authors. International Journal of Stroke (c) 2012 World Stroke 
      Organization.
FAU - Shmonin, Alexey
AU  - Shmonin A
AD  - Institute of Experimental Medicine, V.A. Almazov Federal Heart, Blood and 
      Endocrinology Center, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation; Department of Neurology, 
      I.P. Pavlov Federal Medical University, St-Petersburg, Russian Federation.
FAU - Melnikova, Elena
AU  - Melnikova E
FAU - Galagudza, Michael
AU  - Galagudza M
FAU - Vlasov, Timur
AU  - Vlasov T
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20121204
PL  - United States
TA  - Int J Stroke
JT  - International journal of stroke : official journal of the International Stroke 
      Society
JID - 101274068
RN  - 0 (Tetrazolium Salts)
RN  - 7OL20RET2I (triphenyltetrazolium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Blood Flow Velocity
MH  - Blood Pressure
MH  - Brain/pathology/physiopathology
MH  - Brain Edema/pathology/physiopathology
MH  - Cerebrovascular Circulation
MH  - Craniotomy
MH  - *Disease Models, Animal
MH  - Functional Laterality
MH  - Infarction, Middle Cerebral Artery/mortality/pathology/*physiopathology
MH  - Ligation
MH  - Male
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Reproducibility of Results
MH  - Severity of Illness Index
MH  - Tetrazolium Salts
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - animal models
OT  - area at risk
OT  - collateral blood supply
OT  - focal cerebral ischemia
OT  - infarct size
OT  - middle cerebral artery
EDAT- 2012/12/05 06:00
MHDA- 2015/03/31 06:00
CRDT- 2012/12/05 06:00
PHST- 2012/12/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/12/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2015/03/31 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00947.x [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int J Stroke. 2014 Aug;9(6):793-801. doi: 10.1111/j.1747-4949.2012.00947.x. Epub 
      2012 Dec 4.