PMID- 23209631
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130611
LR  - 20240313
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 11
DP  - 2012
TI  - Whole genome sequence typing to investigate the Apophysomyces outbreak following 
      a tornado in Joplin, Missouri, 2011.
PG  - e49989
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0049989 [doi]
LID - e49989
AB  - Case reports of Apophysomyces spp. in immunocompetent hosts have been a result of 
      traumatic deep implantation of Apophysomyces spp. spore-contaminated soil or 
      debris. On May 22, 2011 a tornado occurred in Joplin, MO, leaving 13 tornado 
      victims with Apophysomyces trapeziformis infections as a result of lacerations 
      from airborne material. We used whole genome sequence typing (WGST) for 
      high-resolution phylogenetic SNP analysis of 17 outbreak Apophysomyces isolates 
      and five additional temporally and spatially diverse Apophysomyces control 
      isolates (three A. trapeziformis and two A. variabilis isolates). Whole genome 
      SNP phylogenetic analysis revealed three clusters of genotypically related or 
      identical A. trapeziformis isolates and multiple distinct isolates among the 
      Joplin group; this indicated multiple genotypes from a single or multiple 
      sources. Though no linkage between genotype and location of exposure was 
      observed, WGST analysis determined that the Joplin isolates were more closely 
      related to each other than to the control isolates, suggesting local population 
      structure. Additionally, species delineation based on WGST demonstrated the need 
      to reassess currently accepted taxonomic classifications of phylogenetic species 
      within the genus Apophysomyces.
FAU - Etienne, Kizee A
AU  - Etienne KA
AD  - Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA. ketienne@cdc.gov
FAU - Gillece, John
AU  - Gillece J
FAU - Hilsabeck, Remy
AU  - Hilsabeck R
FAU - Schupp, Jim M
AU  - Schupp JM
FAU - Colman, Rebecca
AU  - Colman R
FAU - Lockhart, Shawn R
AU  - Lockhart SR
FAU - Gade, Lalitha
AU  - Gade L
FAU - Thompson, Elizabeth H
AU  - Thompson EH
FAU - Sutton, Deanna A
AU  - Sutton DA
FAU - Neblett-Fanfair, Robyn
AU  - Neblett-Fanfair R
FAU - Park, Benjamin J
AU  - Park BJ
FAU - Turabelidze, George
AU  - Turabelidze G
FAU - Keim, Paul
AU  - Keim P
FAU - Brandt, Mary E
AU  - Brandt ME
FAU - Deak, Eszter
AU  - Deak E
FAU - Engelthaler, David M
AU  - Engelthaler DM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20121127
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - *Disasters
MH  - Disease Outbreaks
MH  - Genome, Bacterial
MH  - Humans
MH  - Missouri
MH  - Mucorales/classification/*genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Mucormycosis/epidemiology/*microbiology
MH  - Phylogeny
MH  - Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
MH  - Sequence Analysis, DNA
MH  - *Tornadoes
PMC - PMC3507928
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2012/12/05 06:00
MHDA- 2013/06/12 06:00
PMCR- 2012/11/27
CRDT- 2012/12/05 06:00
PHST- 2012/05/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/10/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/12/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/12/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/06/12 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/11/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-12-14793 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0049989 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2012;7(11):e49989. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0049989. Epub 2012 Nov 27.