PMID- 23226040
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20121212
LR  - 20220330
IS  - 1178-7066 (Print)
IS  - 1178-7066 (Electronic)
IS  - 1178-7066 (Linking)
VI  - 3
DP  - 2010
TI  - Pharmacogenetics of rheumatoid arthritis: Potential targets from susceptibility 
      genes and present therapies.
PG  - 15-31
AB  - Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic heterogeneous autoimmune disorder of 
      unknown etiology resulting in inflammation in the synovium, cartilage, and bone. 
      Genetic factors play an important role in susceptibility to RA as the 
      heritability of RA is between 50% and 60%, with the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) 
      locus accounting for at least 30% of overall genetic risk. Outside the major 
      histocompatibility complex (MHC) region, six additional risk loci have been 
      identified and validated including PTPN22, STAT4, PADI4, CTLA4, TNFAIP3-OLIG3, 
      and TRAF1/C5. Genetic factors are also important in RA pharmacotherapy due to the 
      gene-dependent activity of enzymes involved in the pharmacokinetics and/or 
      pharmacodynamics of RA medications. Indeed, there is great variability in drug 
      efficacy as well as adverse events associated with any anti-rheumatic therapy and 
      genetics is thought to contribute significantly to this inter-individual 
      variability in response. This review will summarize the genetic factors that have 
      been implicated in the pathogenesis of RA, and how these determinants may factor 
      into the potential pharmacogenetics of this disease. We will also review the 
      therapeutic agents that are currently being utilized or presently being evaluated 
      in the treatment of RA, along with potential pharmacogenetic markers that have 
      been proposed for such medications.
FAU - O'Rielly, Darren D
AU  - O'Rielly DD
AD  - Faculty of Medicine, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, 
      Newfoundland, Canada.
FAU - Rahman, Proton
AU  - Rahman P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20100330
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Pharmgenomics Pers Med
JT  - Pharmacogenomics and personalized medicine
JID - 101514107
PMC - PMC3513198
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - pharmacogenetics
OT  - rheumatoid arthritis
OT  - susceptibility genes
EDAT- 2010/01/01 00:00
MHDA- 2010/01/01 00:01
PMCR- 2010/03/30
CRDT- 2012/12/11 06:00
PHST- 2010/03/25 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/12/11 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2010/01/01 00:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2010/01/01 00:01 [medline]
PHST- 2010/03/30 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - pgpm-3-015 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/pgpm.s5012 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Pharmgenomics Pers Med. 2010;3:15-31. doi: 10.2147/pgpm.s5012. Epub 2010 Mar 30.