PMID- 23232193
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130730
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1945-8932 (Electronic)
IS  - 1945-8932 (Linking)
VI  - 26
IP  - 6
DP  - 2012 Nov-Dec
TI  - Identifying intracellular Staphylococcus aureus in chronic rhinosinusitis: a 
      direct comparison of techniques.
PG  - 444-9
LID - 10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3822 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: The emerging concept of intracellular pathogens such as 
      Staphylococcus aureus playing a role in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) has led to 
      the development of numerous imaging techniques for their identification. 
      Traditional methods of bacterial culture are not effective at localizing bacteria 
      to the surface or within tissue samples. The aim of this study was to develop and 
      validate a novel imaging technique using confocal scanning laser microscopy 
      (CSLM) coupled with a fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) probe and nucleic 
      acid counterstain (propidium iodide [PI]) that allows for simultaneous analysis 
      of S. aureus intracellular status and surface biofilm within whole mucosal 
      samples. METHODS: A prospective study was performed including 17 patients 
      undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for CRS. Tissue samples were analyzed with 
      both CSLM-FISH/PI and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for intracellular S. aureus 
      status. RESULTS: Using CSLM-FISH/PI intracellular S. aureus was identified in 
      9/17 (47%) patients and in 7/17 (39%) using IHC. Surface biofilm can be 
      identified with CSLM-FISH/PI in the same piece of tissue; however, deeper imaging 
      to the submucosa is impossible. IHC showed submucosal bacteria in three patients. 
      CONCLUSION: Both CSLM-FISH/PI and IHC are complementary techniques that can be 
      used to identify intracellular S. aureus. CSLM-FISH/PI allows for the 
      simultaneous detection of intracellular status and surface biofilm within the 
      tissue analyzed. IHC has a role in the identification of intracellular and 
      submucosal S. aureus within these tissues. Additional investigation is required 
      to identify the true pathogenic nature of intracellular organisms as well as any 
      relationship to surface biofilm status.
FAU - Tan, Neil C-W
AU  - Tan NC
AD  - Department of Surgery-Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, University of 
      Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
FAU - Tran, Hai Bac
AU  - Tran HB
FAU - Foreman, Andrew
AU  - Foreman A
FAU - Jardeleza, Camille
AU  - Jardeleza C
FAU - Vreugde, Sarah
AU  - Vreugde S
FAU - Wormald, Peter John
AU  - Wormald PJ
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Am J Rhinol Allergy
JT  - American journal of rhinology & allergy
JID - 101490775
RN  - 36015-30-2 (Propidium)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Biofilms
MH  - Chronic Disease
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunohistochemistry
MH  - In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
MH  - Male
MH  - Microscopy, Confocal
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Propidium
MH  - Prospective Studies
MH  - Rhinitis/*microbiology
MH  - Sinusitis/*microbiology
MH  - Staphylococcus aureus/*isolation & purification
EDAT- 2012/12/13 06:00
MHDA- 2013/07/31 06:00
CRDT- 2012/12/13 06:00
PHST- 2012/12/13 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/12/13 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/07/31 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3822 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Am J Rhinol Allergy. 2012 Nov-Dec;26(6):444-9. doi: 10.2500/ajra.2012.26.3822.