PMID- 23239378
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130521
LR  - 20121214
IS  - 1097-0231 (Electronic)
IS  - 0951-4198 (Linking)
VI  - 27
IP  - 2
DP  - 2013 Jan 30
TI  - Semi-quantitative analysis of contaminants in soils by direct analysis in real 
      time (DART) mass spectrometry.
PG  - 305-18
LID - 10.1002/rcm.6450 [doi]
AB  - RATIONALE: Cleaning up contaminated sites is a goal of the U.S. Environmental 
      Protection Agency (EPA). A simple, high-throughput, inexpensive, selective, and 
      specific screening method for semi-volatile, polar organic contaminants would 
      provide high spatial resolution for monitoring remediation and for documenting 
      successful clean ups in numerous Superfund, Brownfield, and other contaminated 
      sites. METHODS: An autosampler/Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART)/time-of-flight 
      (TOF) mass spectrometer, with or without a Vapur(R) evacuated flange, was used to 
      analyze 0.01-33% levels of aspirin, diphenylamine, and pentachlorophenol mixed 
      with soil. Triplicate water-soaked swabs were manually rotated in wet 
      analyte:soil mixtures, air dried for 2-3 h, and analyzed directly. To minimize 
      carryover, insensitive and sensitive instrumental conditions were used to analyze 
      high and low analyte levels, respectively. Simulated two-dimensional (2D) mapping 
      and remediation threshold experiments were performed to test the utility of 
      DART-TOFMS for possible sampling strategies. RESULTS: Analyte levels differing by 
      factors of 10 were discernible. Data were acquired for 30 swabs in 0.9 min and 3 
      min with helium stream temperatures of 150  degrees C and 250  degrees C and swab transport 
      velocities of 1.45 cm/s and 0.5 cm/s, respectively. With the Vapur flange 
      attached, the average relative standard deviations (RSDs) (n = 3) were between 
      16% and 40% for different analytes and analyte levels. Carryover was greatly 
      reduced by removing the Vapur flange, but higher RSDs and occasional plugging of 
      the cone orifice were observed. CONCLUSIONS: A rapid, simple, rugged, and 
      relatively inexpensive, but selective and sufficiently sensitive, 
      semi-quantitative screening method for semi-volatile, polar, organic compounds in 
      soil was demonstrated. The technique would provide the high spatial resolution 
      necessary to find localized areas of high contamination within contaminated sites 
      that might pose a risk to human and ecological health.
CI  - Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain 
      in the USA.
FAU - Grange, Andrew H
AU  - Grange AH
AD  - U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, 
      Environmental Sciences Division, 944 E. Harmon Ave., Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA. 
      grange.andrew@epa.gov
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - England
TA  - Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom
JT  - Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM
JID - 8802365
EDAT- 2012/12/15 06:00
MHDA- 2012/12/15 06:01
CRDT- 2012/12/15 06:00
PHST- 2012/08/14 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/10/10 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/10/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/12/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/12/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2012/12/15 06:01 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/rcm.6450 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom. 2013 Jan 30;27(2):305-18. doi: 10.1002/rcm.6450.