PMID- 23255498
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130805
LR  - 20160511
IS  - 2042-6984 (Electronic)
IS  - 2042-6976 (Linking)
VI  - 3
IP  - 2
DP  - 2013 Feb
TI  - Upregulated levels of human beta-defensins in patients with seasonal allergic 
      rhinitis after allergen-specific immunotherapy treatment.
PG  - 99-103
LID - 10.1002/alr.21127 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are important actors in the innate 
      immune system. One class of AMPs is the human beta-defensins (HBDs), a group of 
      small peptides with a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activities. Expression of 
      HBDs is downregulated in different manifestations of allergic disease. In this 
      study, we examine whether allergen-specific immunotherapy (ASIT) affects the 
      nasal levels of HBDs in patients with seasonal allergic rhinitis (SAR). METHODS: 
      Nasal biopsies were examined for the occurrence of HBD1-3 with real-time 
      reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and 
      immunohistochemistry. Nasal lavage (NAL) fluids from healthy individuals, 
      untreated SAR patients and SAR patients before and after ASIT were analyzed for 
      levels of HBD1-3 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: 
      Examination of nasal biopsies revealed HBD1-3 expression at gene level as well as 
      at protein level in all samples tested. HBD1 and HBD3 messenger RNA (mRNA) levels 
      were downregulated in SAR patients compared to healthy individuals. All HBDs were 
      found in NAL fluids. SAR patients having completed 3 years of ASIT displayed 
      higher levels of HBD1 and HBD2 than before treatment, whereas levels of HBD3 were 
      unaffected. CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates an upregulation of HBD1 
      and HBD2 in SAR patients after completion of ASIT. This may reflect the 
      importance of an intact innate immune response as part of our defense against 
      infections among allergic individuals.
CI  - (c) 2013 ARS-AAOA, LLC.
FAU - Bogefors, Jesper
AU  - Bogefors J
AD  - Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Allergy Research, Department of 
      Otorhinolaryngology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Malmo, Sweden.
FAU - Kvarnhammar, Anne Mansson
AU  - Kvarnhammar AM
FAU - Cardell, Lars-Olaf
AU  - Cardell LO
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20121216
PL  - United States
TA  - Int Forum Allergy Rhinol
JT  - International forum of allergy & rhinology
JID - 101550261
RN  - 0 (RNA, Messenger)
RN  - 0 (beta-Defensins)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Case-Control Studies
MH  - Desensitization, Immunologic/*methods
MH  - Female
MH  - Humans
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Nasal Lavage Fluid/*immunology
MH  - RNA, Messenger/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
MH  - Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/immunology/*metabolism
MH  - Treatment Outcome
MH  - Young Adult
MH  - beta-Defensins/*metabolism
EDAT- 2012/12/21 06:00
MHDA- 2013/08/06 06:00
CRDT- 2012/12/21 06:00
PHST- 2012/04/16 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/10/05 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/10/10 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2012/12/21 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2012/12/21 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/08/06 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1002/alr.21127 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Int Forum Allergy Rhinol. 2013 Feb;3(2):99-103. doi: 10.1002/alr.21127. Epub 2012 
      Dec 16.