PMID- 23263729 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20131205 LR - 20211021 IS - 1349-9157 (Electronic) IS - 0449-3060 (Print) IS - 0449-3060 (Linking) VI - 54 IP - 2 DP - 2013 Mar 1 TI - Evaluation of the dose variation for prostate heavy charged particle therapy using four-dimensional computed tomography. PG - 357-66 LID - 10.1093/jrr/rrs106 [doi] AB - We quantified dose variation effects due to respiratory-induced intrafractional motion in conventional carbon-ion prostate treatment by using four-dimensional computed tomography (4DCT). 4DCT scans of 20 patients were acquired under free-breathing conditions using a 256 multi-slice CT scanner. The clinical target volume (CTV) was defined as the prostate and the seminal vesicle. Two types of planning target volumes (PTVs) were defined to minimize excessive dose to the rectum. The first PTV (= PTV1) was calculated by adding a 3D uniform margin to the CTV. The second PTV (= PTV2) was cut in a straight line from the top surface of the rectum from PTV1. Compensating boli were designed for the respective PTVs at the peak-exhalation phase, and carbon-ion dose distributions for a single respiratory cycle were calculated using these boli. Dose conformation to prostate, CTV, PTV1 and PTV2 were unchanged for all respiratory phases. The dose for >95% volume irradiation (D95) was 97.7% for prostate, 92.5% for CTV, 74.1% for PTV1 and 96.1% for PTV2 averaged over all patients. The rectum volume at inhalation phase receiving