PMID- 23291098
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130606
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1873-6750 (Electronic)
IS  - 0160-4120 (Linking)
VI  - 52
DP  - 2013 Feb
TI  - Effects of persistent organic pollutants on the developing respiratory and immune 
      systems: a systematic review.
PG  - 51-65
LID - S0160-4120(12)00242-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.envint.2012.11.005 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Disruption of developing immune and respiratory systems by early-life 
      exposure to persistent organic pollutants (POPs) could result into reduced 
      capacity to fight infections and increased risk to develop allergic 
      manifestations later in life. OBJECTIVES: To systematically review the 
      epidemiologic literature on the adverse effects of early-life exposure to POPs on 
      respiratory health, allergy and the immune system in infancy, childhood and 
      adolescence. METHODS: Based on published guidelines for systematic reviews, two 
      independent researchers searched for published articles in MEDLINE and SCOPUS 
      using defined keywords on POPs and respiratory health, immune function and 
      allergy. Study eligibility criteria were defined to select the articles. RESULTS: 
      This review of 41 studies finds limited evidence for prenatal exposure to DDE, 
      PCBs and dioxins and risk of respiratory infections. Evidence was limited also 
      for postnatal exposure to PCBs, specifically ndl-PCBs, and reduced immune 
      response after vaccination in childhood. The review indicates lack of association 
      between postnatal exposure to PCBs/ndl-PCBs and risk of asthma-related symptoms. 
      For the other exposure-outcome associations reviewed evidence was inadequate. 
      DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Current epidemiological evidence suggests that 
      early-life exposure to POPs can adversely influence immune and respiratory 
      systems development. Heterogeneity between studies in exposure and outcome 
      assessment and the small number of studies for any given exposure-outcome 
      relationship currently make comparisons difficult and meta-analyses impossible. 
      Also, mechanisms remain largely unexplored. Recommendations for significantly 
      improving our understanding thus include harmonization of exposure and outcome 
      assessment between studies, conduct of larger studies, long-term assessment of 
      respiratory infections and asthma symptoms in order to identify critical periods 
      of susceptibility, integration of the potential immunotoxic mechanisms of POPs, 
      and use of new statistical tools to detangle the role of multiple exposures on 
      multiple outcomes.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Gascon, Mireia
AU  - Gascon M
AD  - Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Dr. Aiguader 88, 
      Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain. mgascon@creal.cat
FAU - Morales, Eva
AU  - Morales E
FAU - Sunyer, Jordi
AU  - Sunyer J
FAU - Vrijheid, Martine
AU  - Vrijheid M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PT  - Systematic Review
DEP - 20130103
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Environ Int
JT  - Environment international
JID - 7807270
RN  - 0 (Dioxins)
RN  - 0 (Hazardous Substances)
RN  - 4M7FS82U08 (Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene)
RN  - DFC2HB4I0K (Polychlorinated Biphenyls)
SB  - IM
MH  - Asthma/chemically induced/epidemiology
MH  - Dichlorodiphenyl Dichloroethylene/toxicity
MH  - Dioxins/toxicity
MH  - Hazardous Substances/*toxicity
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypersensitivity/epidemiology
MH  - Immune System/*drug effects/growth & development
MH  - Polychlorinated Biphenyls/toxicity
MH  - Respiratory System/*drug effects/growth & development
MH  - Respiratory Tract Infections/chemically induced/epidemiology/immunology
EDAT- 2013/01/08 06:00
MHDA- 2013/06/07 06:00
CRDT- 2013/01/08 06:00
PHST- 2012/06/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/11/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/11/09 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/01/08 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/01/08 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/06/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0160-4120(12)00242-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.envint.2012.11.005 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Environ Int. 2013 Feb;52:51-65. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2012.11.005. Epub 2013 Jan 
      3.