PMID- 23300859
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130624
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 12
DP  - 2012
TI  - Diversity and succession of bacterial communities in the uterine fluid of 
      postpartum metritic, endometritic and healthy dairy cows.
PG  - e53048
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0053048 [doi]
LID - e53048
AB  - The diversity of the uterine bacterial composition in dairy cows is still poorly 
      understood, although the emerging picture has shown to be increasingly complex. 
      Understanding the complexity and ecology of microorganisms in the uterus of 
      postpartum dairy cows is critical for developing strategies to block their action 
      in reproductive disorders, such as metritis/endometritis. Here, we used 
      PCR-Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) and DNA pyrosequencing to 
      provide a comprehensive description of the uterine bacterial diversity and 
      compare its succession in healthy, metritic and endometritic Holstein dairy cows 
      at three intervals following calving. Samples were collected from 16 dairy cows 
      housed in a dairy farm located in upstate New York. PCR-DGGE revealed a complex 
      profile with extensive differences in the community structure. With few 
      exceptions, clustering analysis grouped samples from cows presenting the same 
      health status. Analysis of >65,000 high-quality 16S rRNA gene sequences showed 
      that the uterine bacterial consortia, regardless of the health status, is mainly 
      composed of members of the phyla Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, 
      Proteobacteria, and Tenericutes. In addition to these co-dominant phyla, 
      sequences from Spirochaetes, Synergistetes, and Actinobacteria appear less 
      frequently. It is possible that some sequences detected in the uterine fluid 
      resulted from the presence of fecal or vaginal contaminants. Overall, the 
      bacterial core community was different in uterine fluid of healthy cows, when 
      compared to cows suffering from postpartum diseases, and the phylogenetic 
      diversity in all the combined samples changed gradually over time. Particularly 
      at the 34-36 days postpartum (DPP), the core community seemed to be specific for 
      each health status. Our finding reveals that the uterine microbiota in dairy cows 
      varies according with health status and DPP. Also, it adds further support to the 
      hypothesis that there is uterine contamination with diverse bacterial groups 
      following calving and emphasizes the role of unidentified microorganisms in this 
      context.
FAU - Santos, Thiago M A
AU  - Santos TM
AD  - Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary 
      Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America.
FAU - Bicalho, Rodrigo C
AU  - Bicalho RC
LA  - eng
SI  - GENBANK/JX106521
SI  - GENBANK/JX106522
SI  - GENBANK/JX106523
SI  - GENBANK/JX106524
SI  - GENBANK/JX106525
SI  - GENBANK/JX106526
SI  - GENBANK/JX106527
SI  - GENBANK/JX106528
SI  - GENBANK/JX106529
SI  - GENBANK/JX106530
SI  - GENBANK/JX106531
SI  - GENBANK/JX106532
SI  - GENBANK/JX106533
SI  - GENBANK/JX106534
SI  - GENBANK/JX106535
SI  - GENBANK/JX106536
SI  - GENBANK/JX106537
SI  - GENBANK/JX106538
SI  - GENBANK/JX106539
SI  - GENBANK/JX106540
SI  - GENBANK/JX106541
SI  - GENBANK/JX106542
SI  - GENBANK/JX106543
SI  - GENBANK/JX106544
SI  - GENBANK/JX106545
SI  - GENBANK/JX106546
SI  - GENBANK/JX106547
SI  - GENBANK/JX106548
SI  - GENBANK/JX106549
SI  - GENBANK/JX106550
SI  - GENBANK/JX106551
SI  - GENBANK/JX106552
SI  - GENBANK/JX106553
SI  - GENBANK/JX106554
SI  - GENBANK/JX106555
SI  - GENBANK/JX106556
SI  - GENBANK/JX106557
SI  - GENBANK/JX106558
SI  - GENBANK/JX106559
SI  - GENBANK/JX106560
SI  - GENBANK/JX106561
SI  - GENBANK/JX106562
SI  - GENBANK/JX106563
SI  - GENBANK/JX106564
SI  - GENBANK/JX106565
SI  - GENBANK/JX106566
SI  - GENBANK/JX106567
SI  - GENBANK/JX106568
SI  - GENBANK/JX106569
SI  - GENBANK/JX106570
SI  - GENBANK/JX106571
SI  - GENBANK/JX106572
SI  - GENBANK/JX106573
SI  - GENBANK/JX106574
SI  - GENBANK/JX106575
SI  - GENBANK/JX106576
SI  - GENBANK/JX106577
SI  - GENBANK/JX106578
SI  - GENBANK/JX106579
SI  - GENBANK/JX106580
SI  - GENBANK/JX106581
SI  - GENBANK/JX106582
SI  - GENBANK/JX106583
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20121227
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacteria/classification/*isolation & purification
MH  - Cattle
MH  - Cattle Diseases/*microbiology
MH  - Endometritis/microbiology/*veterinary
MH  - Female
MH  - Metagenome
MH  - Molecular Sequence Data
MH  - *Postpartum Period
MH  - Uterus/*microbiology
PMC - PMC3531447
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2013/01/10 06:00
MHDA- 2013/06/26 06:00
PMCR- 2012/12/27
CRDT- 2013/01/10 06:00
PHST- 2012/06/11 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/11/23 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/01/10 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/01/10 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/06/26 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2012/12/27 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-12-16639 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0053048 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2012;7(12):e53048. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053048. Epub 2012 Dec 27.