PMID- 23313392
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130813
LR  - 20181202
IS  - 1872-7573 (Electronic)
IS  - 0378-8741 (Linking)
VI  - 146
IP  - 1
DP  - 2013 Mar 7
TI  - Ginsenosides Rg5 and Rh3 protect scopolamine-induced memory deficits in mice.
PG  - 294-9
LID - S0378-8741(13)00003-2 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.047 [doi]
AB  - ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Panax ginseng (family Araliaceae) is 
      traditionally used as a remedy for cancer, inflammation, stress and aging. AIM OF 
      STUDY: To explore whether ginsenosides Rg5 and Rh3, the main constituents of 
      heat-processed ginseng (the root of Panax ginseng), could protect memory deficit. 
      MATERIALS AND METHODS: We isolated ginsenosides Rh3 and Rg5 from heated-processed 
      ginseng treated with and without human feces, respectively. Then we investigated 
      their protective effects on memory impairment using the passive avoidance, Y-maze 
      and Morris water maze tasks in mice. Memory deficit was induced in mice by the 
      intraperitoneal injection of scopolamine. RESULTS: Ginsenosides Rg5 or Rh3 
      increased the latency time reduced by scopolamine in passive avoidance test. 
      Treatment with ginsenoside Rg5 or Rh3 significantly reversed the lowered 
      spontaneous alteration induced by scopolamine in Y-maze task. Ginsenoisde Rg5 or 
      Rh3 (10 mg/kg) significantly shortened the escape latencies prolonged by 
      treatment with scopolamine on the last day of training trial sessions in Morris 
      water maze task. Furthermore, ginsenosides Rg5 and Rh3 inhibited 
      acetylcholinesterase activity in a dose-dependent manner, with IC50 values of 
      18.4 and 10.2 muM, respectively. The inhibitory potency of ginsenoside Rh3 is 
      comparable with that of donepezil (IC50=9.9 muM). These ginsenosides also reversed 
      hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression and cAMP response 
      element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation reduced by scopolamine. Of them, 
      ginsenoside Rh3 more potently protected memory deficit. CONCLUSIONS: Ginsenoside 
      Rg5 and its metabolite ginsenoside Rh3 may protect memory deficit by inhibiting 
      AChE activity and increasing BDNF expression and CREB activation.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.
FAU - Kim, Eun-Jin
AU  - Kim EJ
AD  - Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, 1, 
      Hoegi, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Jung, Il-Hoon
AU  - Jung IH
FAU - Van Le, Thi Kim
AU  - Van Le TK
FAU - Jeong, Jin-Ju
AU  - Jeong JJ
FAU - Kim, Nam-Jae
AU  - Kim NJ
FAU - Kim, Dong-Hyun
AU  - Kim DH
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130109
PL  - Ireland
TA  - J Ethnopharmacol
JT  - Journal of ethnopharmacology
JID - 7903310
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Creb1 protein, mouse)
RN  - 0 (Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein)
RN  - 0 (Ginsenosides)
RN  - 0 (Neuroprotective Agents)
RN  - 0 (ginsenoside Rg5)
RN  - 105558-26-7 (ginsenoside Rh3)
RN  - DL48G20X8X (Scopolamine)
RN  - EC 3.1.1.7 (Acetylcholinesterase)
SB  - IM
MH  - Acetylcholinesterase/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - Avoidance Learning/drug effects
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
MH  - Cyclic AMP Response Element-Binding Protein/metabolism
MH  - Ginsenosides/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Male
MH  - Maze Learning/drug effects
MH  - Memory Disorders/chemically induced/*drug therapy/metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred ICR
MH  - Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use
MH  - Scopolamine
EDAT- 2013/01/15 06:00
MHDA- 2013/08/14 06:00
CRDT- 2013/01/15 06:00
PHST- 2012/11/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/12/27 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/12/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/01/15 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/01/15 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/08/14 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0378-8741(13)00003-2 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.047 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Ethnopharmacol. 2013 Mar 7;146(1):294-9. doi: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.12.047. Epub 
      2013 Jan 9.