PMID- 23314011 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20141201 LR - 20211021 IS - 1749-5024 (Electronic) IS - 1749-5016 (Print) IS - 1749-5016 (Linking) VI - 9 IP - 4 DP - 2014 Apr TI - How social is error observation? The neural mechanisms underlying the observation of human and machine errors. PG - 427-35 LID - 10.1093/scan/nst002 [doi] AB - Recently, it has been shown that the medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) is involved in error execution as well as error observation. Based on this finding, it has been argued that recognizing each other's mistakes might rely on motor simulation. In the current functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, we directly tested this hypothesis by investigating whether medial prefrontal activity in error observation is restricted to situations that enable simulation. To this aim, we compared brain activity related to the observation of errors that can be simulated (human errors) with brain activity related to errors that cannot be simulated (machine errors). We show that medial prefrontal activity is not only restricted to the observation of human errors but also occurs when observing errors of a machine. In addition, our data indicate that the MPFC reflects a domain general mechanism of monitoring violations of expectancies. FAU - Desmet, Charlotte AU - Desmet C AD - Department of Experimental Psychology, Ghent University, Henri Dunantlaan 2, 9000 Ghent, Belgium. charlotte.desmet@ugent.be. FAU - Deschrijver, Eliane AU - Deschrijver E FAU - Brass, Marcel AU - Brass M LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20130112 PL - England TA - Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci JT - Social cognitive and affective neuroscience JID - 101288795 RN - S88TT14065 (Oxygen) SB - IM MH - *Brain Mapping MH - *Feedback, Psychological MH - Female MH - Humans MH - Image Processing, Computer-Assisted MH - Magnetic Resonance Imaging MH - Male MH - Observation MH - Oxygen/blood MH - Prefrontal Cortex/blood supply/*physiology MH - Psychomotor Performance/*physiology MH - *Social Behavior MH - Young Adult PMC - PMC3989123 OTO - NOTNLM OT - action observation OT - error OT - medial prefrontal cortex OT - simulation EDAT- 2013/01/15 06:00 MHDA- 2014/12/15 06:00 PMCR- 2015/04/01 CRDT- 2013/01/15 06:00 PHST- 2013/01/15 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/01/15 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/12/15 06:00 [medline] PHST- 2015/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release] AID - nst002 [pii] AID - 10.1093/scan/nst002 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci. 2014 Apr;9(4):427-35. doi: 10.1093/scan/nst002. Epub 2013 Jan 12.