PMID- 23333841
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130828
LR  - 20130307
IS  - 1872-7549 (Electronic)
IS  - 0166-4328 (Linking)
VI  - 243
DP  - 2013 Apr 15
TI  - Are you real? Visual simulation of social housing by mirror image stimulation in 
      single housed mice.
PG  - 191-8
LID - S0166-4328(13)00025-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.01.015 [doi]
AB  - Individual housing of social species is a common phenomenon in laboratory animal 
      facilities. Single housing, however, is known to inflict social deprivation with 
      a number of detrimental consequences. Aiming to improve housing conditions of 
      single housed rodents, we investigated the simulation of social housing by 
      mirrors in a series of behavioural experiments and biochemical parameters in 
      mice. We found that chronic mirror-image stimulation increased exploratory 
      behaviours in the holeboard and novel cage tests, but did not alter anxiety, 
      locomotor, or depression-like behaviours. Moreover, no influence on visual 
      recognition memory was observed. Hippocampal brain-derived neurotrophic factor 
      (BDNF) levels, a biomarker for enrichment effects, were unaltered. In line, 
      mirror-image stimulation did not alter home cage behaviour in mice housed with 
      and without mirrors when left undisturbed. Thus, though we found subtle 
      behavioural effects after long-term mirror exposure, we conclude that the 
      simulation of social housing by mirrors is not sufficient to gain the presumably 
      beneficial outcomes induced by social housing.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Fuss, Johannes
AU  - Fuss J
AD  - RG Animal Models in Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, 
      Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg 
      University, J 5, 68159 Mannheim, Germany. johannes.fuss@zi-mannheim.de
FAU - Richter, S Helene
AU  - Richter SH
FAU - Steinle, Jorg
AU  - Steinle J
FAU - Deubert, Gerald
AU  - Deubert G
FAU - Hellweg, Rainer
AU  - Hellweg R
FAU - Gass, Peter
AU  - Gass P
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130117
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Behav Brain Res
JT  - Behavioural brain research
JID - 8004872
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Anxiety/physiopathology
MH  - Behavior, Animal/*physiology
MH  - *Environment
MH  - Exploratory Behavior/physiology
MH  - Female
MH  - Hippocampus/*metabolism/pathology
MH  - Housing, Animal/*standards
MH  - Male
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred C57BL
MH  - Neuropsychological Tests
MH  - Social Isolation/*psychology
EDAT- 2013/01/22 06:00
MHDA- 2013/08/29 06:00
CRDT- 2013/01/22 06:00
PHST- 2012/11/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/01/07 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/01/11 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/01/22 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/01/22 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/08/29 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0166-4328(13)00025-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.01.015 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Behav Brain Res. 2013 Apr 15;243:191-8. doi: 10.1016/j.bbr.2013.01.015. Epub 2013 
      Jan 17.