PMID- 23365942
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130906
LR  - 20200928
IS  - 2694-0604 (Electronic)
IS  - 2375-7477 (Linking)
VI  - 2012
DP  - 2012
TI  - A programmable FPGA-based 8-channel arbitrary waveform generator for medical 
      ultrasound research activities.
PG  - 515-8
LID - 10.1109/EMBC.2012.6345981 [doi]
AB  - In modern ultrasound imaging systems, digital transmit beamformer module 
      typically generates accurate control of the amplitude of individual elements in a 
      multielement array probe, as well as of the time delays and phase between them, 
      to enable the acoustic beam to be focused and/or steered electronically. However, 
      these systems do not provide the ultrasound researchers access to transmit 
      front-end module. This paper presents the development of a digital transmit 
      beamformer system for generating simultaneous arbitrary waveforms, specifically 
      designed for research purposes. The proposed architecture has 8 independent 
      excitation channels and uses an FPGA (Field Programmable Gated Array) device for 
      electronic steering and focusing of ultrasound beam. The system allows operation 
      in pulse-echo mode, with pulse repetition rate of excitation from 62.5 Hz to 8 
      kHz, center frequency from 500 kHz to 20 MHz, excitation voltage over 100 Vpp, 
      and individual control of amplitude apodization, phase angle and time delay 
      trigger. Experimental results show that this technique is suitable for generating 
      the excitation waveforms needed for medical ultrasound imaging researches.
FAU - Assef, Amauri Amorin
AU  - Assef AA
AD  - Electrical/Electronic Engineering Department and the Graduate School of 
      Electrical Engineering and Applied Computer Sciences, Federal University of 
      Technology - Parana (DAELT/DAELN/CPGEI - UTFPR), Curitiba, PR, Brazil, 80230-901. 
      amauriassef@utfpr.edu.br
FAU - Maia, Joaquim Miguel
AU  - Maia JM
FAU - Schneider, Fabio Kurt
AU  - Schneider FK
FAU - Costa, Eduardo Tavares
AU  - Costa ET
FAU - Button, Vera Lucia da Silveira Nantes
AU  - Button VL
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc
JT  - Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology 
      Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International 
      Conference
JID - 101763872
SB  - IM
MH  - Equipment Design
MH  - Humans
MH  - Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted
MH  - Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted
MH  - Software
MH  - Transducers
MH  - Ultrasonography/*instrumentation/statistics & numerical data
EDAT- 2013/02/01 06:00
MHDA- 2013/09/07 06:00
CRDT- 2013/02/01 06:00
PHST- 2013/02/01 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/02/01 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/09/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1109/EMBC.2012.6345981 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc. 2012;2012:515-8. doi: 
      10.1109/EMBC.2012.6345981.