PMID- 23377889
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130913
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 2095-0225 (Electronic)
IS  - 2095-0217 (Linking)
VI  - 7
IP  - 1
DP  - 2013 Mar
TI  - Impact of diabetes and its treatments on skeletal diseases.
PG  - 81-90
LID - 10.1007/s11684-013-0243-9 [doi]
AB  - Diabetes mellitus is an enormous menace to public health globally. This chronic 
      disease of metabolism will adversely affect the skeleton if not controlled. Both 
      type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are 
      associated with an increased risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures. Bone 
      mineral density is reduced in T1DM, whereas patients with T2DM have normal or 
      slightly higher bone density, suggesting impaired bone quality is involved. 
      Detrimental effects of T1DM on the skeleton are more severe than T2DM, probably 
      because of the lack of osteo-anabolic effects of insulin and other pancreatic 
      hormones. In both T1DM and T2DM, low bone quality could be caused by various 
      means, including but not limited to hyperglycemia, accumulation of advanced 
      glycosylation end products (AGEs), decreased serum levels of osteocalcin and 
      parathyroid hormone. Risk for osteoarthritis is also elevated in diabetic 
      population. How diabetes accelerates the deterioration of cartilage remains 
      largely unknown. Hyperglycemia and glucose derived AGEs could contribute to the 
      development of osteoarthritis. Moreover, it is recognized that oral antidiabetic 
      medicines affect bone metabolism and turnover as well. Insulin is shown to have 
      anabolic effects on bone and hyperinsulinemia may help to explain the slightly 
      higher bone density in patients with T2DM. Thiazolidinediones can promote bone 
      loss and osteoporotic fractures by suppressing osteoblastogenesis and enhancing 
      osteoclastogenesis. Metformin favors bone formation by stimulating osteoblast 
      differentiation and protecting them against diabetic conditions such as 
      hyperglycemia. Better knowledge of how diabetic conditions and its treatments 
      influence skeletal tissues is in great need in view of the growing and aging 
      population of patients with diabetes mellitus.
FAU - Yan, Wenbo
AU  - Yan W
AD  - Department of Biology and Chemistry, Nyack College, Room B001, 361 Broadway, New 
      York, NY 10013, USA.
FAU - Li, Xin
AU  - Li X
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20130202
PL  - China
TA  - Front Med
JT  - Frontiers of medicine
JID - 101549428
RN  - 0 (Glycation End Products, Advanced)
RN  - 0 (Hypoglycemic Agents)
RN  - 0 (Insulin)
RN  - 0 (Parathyroid Hormone)
RN  - 0 (Thiazolidinediones)
RN  - 104982-03-8 (Osteocalcin)
RN  - IY9XDZ35W2 (Glucose)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bone Density/drug effects
MH  - Bone and Bones/metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/complications/metabolism
MH  - *Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications/metabolism
MH  - Fractures, Bone/etiology/metabolism
MH  - Glucose/*metabolism
MH  - Glycation End Products, Advanced/metabolism
MH  - Humans
MH  - Hypoglycemic Agents/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics
MH  - *Insulin/adverse effects/metabolism/pharmacokinetics
MH  - Osteocalcin/metabolism
MH  - Osteogenesis/drug effects
MH  - Osteoporosis/etiology/*metabolism
MH  - Parathyroid Hormone/metabolism
MH  - Thiazolidinediones/adverse effects/pharmacokinetics
EDAT- 2013/02/05 06:00
MHDA- 2013/09/14 06:00
CRDT- 2013/02/05 06:00
PHST- 2012/07/15 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/12/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/02/05 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/02/05 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/09/14 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s11684-013-0243-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Front Med. 2013 Mar;7(1):81-90. doi: 10.1007/s11684-013-0243-9. Epub 2013 Feb 2.