PMID- 23385041
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20131219
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1875-452X (Electronic)
VI  - 50
IP  - 4
DP  - 2012 Dec
TI  - Role of neuroinflammation in morphine tolerance: effect of tumor necrosis 
      factor-alpha.
PG  - 178-82
LID - S1875-4597(12)00099-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.aat.2012.12.004 [doi]
AB  - Opioids have been used as potent analgesics in clinics for decades; however, 
      their long-term administration leads to tolerance. Two possible mechanisms for 
      drug tolerance are postulated as within-system and between-systems adaptation. 
      The within-system tolerance is involved in the signal transduction of opioid 
      receptors, including downregulation of opioid receptors, uncoupling of G-protein 
      from opioid receptors, and beta-arrestin recruitment to opioid receptors, which 
      causes receptor desensitization and internalization/endocytosis. The 
      between-systems tolerance comprehends the glutamatergic receptor system and glial 
      activation with the release of proinflammatory cytokines, and thus the analgesic 
      effect of morphine is reduced. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is a vital 
      proinflammatory cytokine and exerts either a neurotoxic or neuroprotective effect 
      on different diseases of the central nervous system. TNF-alpha has also been 
      demonstrated to correlate with neuronal plasticity via activation of spinal glial 
      cells and enhancement of glutamatergic transmission. Previous studies had 
      revealed an increased expression of TNF-alpha in morphine tolerance. This review 
      article focuses on the role of TNF-alpha in neuroinflammation and the glutamatergic 
      receptor system in morphine tolerance. It may provide another adjuvant therapy 
      for morphine tolerance, which extends the effectiveness of opioids in clinical 
      pain management.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2012. Published by Elsevier B.V.
FAU - Shen, Ching-Hui
AU  - Shen CH
AD  - Department of Anesthesiology, Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
FAU - Tsai, Ru-Ying
AU  - Tsai RY
FAU - Wong, Chih-Shung
AU  - Wong CS
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20130110
PL  - China (Republic : 1949- )
TA  - Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan
JT  - Acta anaesthesiologica Taiwanica : official journal of the Taiwan Society of 
      Anesthesiologists
JID - 101214918
RN  - 0 (Immunoglobulin G)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Glutamate)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate)
RN  - 0 (Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor)
RN  - 0 (Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha)
RN  - 76I7G6D29C (Morphine)
RN  - OP401G7OJC (Etanercept)
SB  - IM
MH  - Drug Tolerance
MH  - Etanercept
MH  - Humans
MH  - Immunoglobulin G/pharmacology
MH  - Inflammation/*physiopathology
MH  - Morphine/*pharmacology
MH  - Neuroglia/physiology
MH  - Receptors, Glutamate/physiology
MH  - Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/physiology
MH  - Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor
MH  - Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/antagonists & inhibitors/*physiology
EDAT- 2013/02/07 06:00
MHDA- 2013/12/20 06:00
CRDT- 2013/02/07 06:00
PHST- 2011/06/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2012/07/30 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2012/12/04 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/02/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/02/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/12/20 06:00 [medline]
AID - S1875-4597(12)00099-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.aat.2012.12.004 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Acta Anaesthesiol Taiwan. 2012 Dec;50(4):178-82. doi: 10.1016/j.aat.2012.12.004. 
      Epub 2013 Jan 10.