PMID- 23412766
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130821
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1867-0342 (Electronic)
IS  - 1867-0334 (Linking)
VI  - 4
IP  - 1
DP  - 2012 Mar
TI  - The impact of combined sewage overflows on the viral contamination of receiving 
      waters.
PG  - 34-40
LID - 10.1007/s12560-011-9076-3 [doi]
AB  - The contribution of combined sewer overflows (CSO) to the viral contamination of 
      receiving waters was determined. Adenovirus concentrations were determined using 
      the Primary Liver Carcinoma (PLC/PRF/5) cell line and confirmed by Polymerase 
      Chain Reaction (PCR). Norovirus concentration was determined using the Most 
      Probable Number (MPN) and Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction 
      (RT-PCR). Seventy-five water samples were collected during dry weather and 50 
      samples were collected during wet weather. CSO events significantly increased the 
      concentration of culturable viruses, adenoviruses, and noroviruses in the 
      receiving waters (P < 0.01). During dry weather, 56% of samples were positive for 
      total virus cytopathic effects (CPE), adenoviruses were detected in 41% of the 
      positive cell cultures, and noroviruses in 6% of the concentrates by direct 
      RT-PCR. During wet weather, 100% of the samples were positive by CPE, 84% for 
      adenoviruses, and 40% in the concentrates for norovirus. Our results demonstrate 
      that CSOs can contribute significant viral loading to receiving waters.
FAU - Rodriguez, Roberto A
AU  - Rodriguez RA
AD  - Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona, P.O. 
      Box 210038, Tucson, AZ 8572, USA. Roberto.rodriguez-1@colorado.edu
FAU - Gundy, Patricia M
AU  - Gundy PM
FAU - Rijal, Geeta K
AU  - Rijal GK
FAU - Gerba, Charles P
AU  - Gerba CP
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20120114
PL  - United States
TA  - Food Environ Virol
JT  - Food and environmental virology
JID - 101483831
RN  - 0 (RNA, Viral)
RN  - 0 (Sewage)
RN  - 059QF0KO0R (Water)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adenoviridae/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Adenoviridae Infections/virology
MH  - Caliciviridae Infections/virology
MH  - Cell Line, Tumor
MH  - Chicago
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Humans
MH  - Norovirus/genetics/*isolation & purification
MH  - Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards
MH  - RNA, Viral/genetics/isolation & purification
MH  - Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/standards
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Sewage/*virology
MH  - Water/*standards
MH  - *Water Microbiology
MH  - Weather
EDAT- 2013/02/16 06:00
MHDA- 2013/08/22 06:00
CRDT- 2013/02/16 06:00
PHST- 2011/09/03 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2011/12/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/02/16 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/02/16 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/08/22 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s12560-011-9076-3 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Environ Virol. 2012 Mar;4(1):34-40. doi: 10.1007/s12560-011-9076-3. Epub 
      2012 Jan 14.