PMID- 23419390
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141006
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1873-6351 (Electronic)
IS  - 0278-6915 (Linking)
VI  - 61
DP  - 2013 Nov
TI  - The effects of cocoa supplementation, caloric restriction, and regular exercise, 
      on oxidative stress markers of brain and memory in the rat model.
PG  - 36-41
LID - S0278-6915(13)00095-1 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.047 [doi]
AB  - The effects of treadmill running (8 weeks, 5 times/week, 1h/day at 27 m/min), 
      caloric restriction, and cocoa supplementation on brain function and oxidative 
      stress markers were tested. The Morris maze test was used to appraise rat memory. 
      Regular exercise significantly improved spatial learning performance. The level 
      of oxidative stress was measured by the concentration of carbonylated proteins. 
      The free radical concentration increased in brain of the training groups but not 
      the controls. The content of reactive carbonyl derivates did not change with 
      exercise, suggesting that the increased production of reactive oxygen species 
      (ROS) were well tolerated in this experimental model. Caloric restriction (CR) 
      decreased the accumulation of free radicals in the frontal lobe. The protein 
      content of brain-derived neutrophic factors (BDNFs) was evaluated and changes did 
      not occur either with exercise or cocoa supplementation treatments. These data 
      did not show significant effects of the administration of cocoa (2% w/w) on the 
      concentration of ROS, BDNF or on spatial memory. Conversely, exercise and CR can 
      play a role in ROS generation and brain function.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - Radak, Zsolt
AU  - Radak Z
AD  - Research Institute for Sport Sciences, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary. 
      Electronic address: radak@tf.hu.
FAU - Silye, Gabriella
AU  - Silye G
FAU - Bartha, Csaba
AU  - Bartha C
FAU - Jakus, Judit
AU  - Jakus J
FAU - Stefanovits-Banyai, Eva
AU  - Stefanovits-Banyai E
FAU - Atalay, Mustafa
AU  - Atalay M
FAU - Marton, Orsolya
AU  - Marton O
FAU - Koltai, Erika
AU  - Koltai E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130216
PL  - England
TA  - Food Chem Toxicol
JT  - Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British 
      Industrial Biological Research Association
JID - 8207483
RN  - 0 (Biomarkers)
RN  - 0 (Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor)
RN  - 0 (Free Radicals)
RN  - 0 (Reactive Oxygen Species)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Biomarkers/metabolism
MH  - Brain/*drug effects/*metabolism
MH  - Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism
MH  - *Cacao/chemistry
MH  - *Caloric Restriction
MH  - *Dietary Supplements
MH  - Free Radicals/metabolism
MH  - Male
MH  - Maze Learning/drug effects
MH  - Memory/*drug effects/physiology
MH  - Oxidative Stress/*drug effects
MH  - Physical Exertion
MH  - Protein Carbonylation/drug effects
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
MH  - Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Brain
OT  - Caloric restriction
OT  - Cocoa
OT  - Exercise
OT  - Free radicals
OT  - Oxidative stress
EDAT- 2013/02/20 06:00
MHDA- 2014/10/07 06:00
CRDT- 2013/02/20 06:00
PHST- 2012/10/31 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/01/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/01/16 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/02/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/02/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/10/07 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0278-6915(13)00095-1 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.047 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Food Chem Toxicol. 2013 Nov;61:36-41. doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.01.047. Epub 2013 
      Feb 16.