PMID- 23440429
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20131218
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1573-4838 (Electronic)
IS  - 0957-4530 (Linking)
VI  - 24
IP  - 5
DP  - 2013 May
TI  - Surface modification of fiber reinforced polymer composites and their attachment 
      to bone simulating material.
PG  - 1145-52
LID - 10.1007/s10856-013-4890-9 [doi]
AB  - The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of fiber orientation of a 
      fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) made of poly-methyl-methacrylate (PMMA) and 
      E-glass to the surface fabrication process by solvent dissolution. Intention of 
      the dissolution process was to expose the fibers and create a macroporous surface 
      onto the FRC to enhance bone bonding of the material. The effect of dissolution 
      and fiber direction to the bone bonding capability of the FRC material was also 
      tested. Three groups of FRC specimens (n = 18/group) were made of PMMA and 
      E-glass fiber reinforcement: (a) group with continuous fibers parallel to the 
      surface of the specimen, (b) continuous fibers oriented perpendicularly to the 
      surface, (c) randomly oriented short (discontinuous) fibers. Fourth specimen 
      group (n = 18) made of plain PMMA served as controls. The specimens were 
      subjected to a solvent treatment by tetrahydrofuran (THF) of either 5, 15 or 
      30 min of time (n = 6/time point), and the advancement of the dissolution (front) 
      was measured. The solvent treatment also exposed the fibers and created a surface 
      roughness on to the specimens. The solvent treated specimens were embedded into 
      plaster of Paris to simulate bone bonding by mechanical locking and a pull-out 
      test was undertaken to determine the strength of the attachment. All the FRC 
      specimens dissolved as function of time, as the control group showed no marked 
      dissolution during the study period. The specimens with fibers along the 
      direction of long axis of specimen began to dissolve significantly faster than 
      specimens in other groups, but the test specimens with randomly oriented short 
      fibers showed the greatest depth of dissolution after 30 min. The pull-out test 
      showed that the PMMA specimens with fibers were retained better by the plaster of 
      Paris than specimens without fibers. However, direction of the fibers 
      considerably influenced the force of attachment. The fiber reinforcement 
      increases significantly the dissolution speed, and the orientation of the glass 
      fibers has great effect on the dissolving depth of the polymer matrix of the 
      composite, and thus on the exposure of fibers. The glass fibers exposed by the 
      solvent treatment enhanced effectively the attachment of the specimen to the bone 
      modeling material.
FAU - Hautamaki, M P
AU  - Hautamaki MP
AD  - Turku Clinical Biomaterial Centre-TCBC, University of Turku, Turku, Finland. 
      mikko.hautamaki@fimnet.fi
FAU - Puska, M
AU  - Puska M
FAU - Aho, A J
AU  - Aho AJ
FAU - Kopperud, H M
AU  - Kopperud HM
FAU - Vallittu, P K
AU  - Vallittu PK
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130226
PL  - United States
TA  - J Mater Sci Mater Med
JT  - Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine
JID - 9013087
RN  - 0 (Bone Substitutes)
RN  - 0 (Coated Materials, Biocompatible)
RN  - 0 (Composite Resins)
RN  - 0 (Polymers)
RN  - 0 (fiberglass)
RN  - 9011-14-7 (Polymethyl Methacrylate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Bone Substitutes/chemical synthesis/*chemistry
MH  - Coated Materials, Biocompatible/*chemical synthesis/chemistry
MH  - Composite Resins/*chemical synthesis/chemistry
MH  - Glass/*chemistry
MH  - Materials Testing/instrumentation/methods
MH  - Microscopy, Electron, Scanning
MH  - Polymers/chemical synthesis/chemistry
MH  - Polymethyl Methacrylate/chemical synthesis/*chemistry
MH  - Stress, Mechanical
MH  - Surface Properties
MH  - Tensile Strength/physiology
EDAT- 2013/02/27 06:00
MHDA- 2013/12/19 06:00
CRDT- 2013/02/27 06:00
PHST- 2012/11/06 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/02/08 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/02/27 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/02/27 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/12/19 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1007/s10856-013-4890-9 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Mater Sci Mater Med. 2013 May;24(5):1145-52. doi: 10.1007/s10856-013-4890-9. 
      Epub 2013 Feb 26.