PMID- 23459383
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130306
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1179-1365 (Print)
IS  - 1179-1365 (Electronic)
IS  - 1179-1365 (Linking)
VI  - 5
DP  - 2013
TI  - Oral available agents in the treatment of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis: 
      an overview of merits and culprits.
PG  - 37-47
LID - 10.2147/DHPS.S28822 [doi]
AB  - Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic immunological disease of the central nervous 
      system characterized by early inflammatory demyelination and subsequent 
      neurodegeneration. Major therapeutic progress has occurred during the past 
      decade, in particular since the introduction of immunomodulatory agents, however, 
      MS is still an incurable disease. In addition, parenteral application of the 
      currently licensed drugs is associated with injection-related adverse events 
      (AEs) and low patient compliance. Thus, there remains an unmet need for the 
      development of more effective and well tolerated oral therapies for the treatment 
      of MS. A number of new orally administered agents including fingolimod, 
      laquinimod, teriflunomide, cladribine, and BG-12 have been licensed recently or 
      are currently under investigation in relapsing remitting MS patients. In 
      multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled phase III clinical studies, all of 
      these agents have already shown their efficacy on both clinical disease 
      parameters and magnetic resonance imaging-based measures of disease activity in 
      patients with relapsing remitting MS. However, there are essential differences 
      concerning their clinical efficacy and side-effect profiles. Additionally, the 
      mechanisms by which these substances exert clinical efficacy have not been fully 
      elucidated. In this article, we review the pharmaceutical properties of 
      fingolimod, laquinimod, teriflunomide, cladribine, and BG-12; and their suggested 
      mechanisms of action, clinical efficacy, and side-effect profiles.
FAU - Thone, Jan
AU  - Thone J
AD  - Department of Neurology, St JosefHospital Bochum, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, 
      Germany.
FAU - Ellrichmann, Gisa
AU  - Ellrichmann G
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
DEP - 20130226
PL  - New Zealand
TA  - Drug Healthc Patient Saf
JT  - Drug, healthcare and patient safety
JID - 101544775
PMC - PMC3585507
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - cladribine
OT  - fingolimod (FTY)
OT  - fumaric acid esters (BG-12)
OT  - laquinimod
OT  - teriflunomide
EDAT- 2013/03/06 06:00
MHDA- 2013/03/06 06:01
PMCR- 2013/02/26
CRDT- 2013/03/06 06:00
PHST- 2013/03/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/03/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/03/06 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2013/02/26 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - dhps-5-037 [pii]
AID - 10.2147/DHPS.S28822 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Drug Healthc Patient Saf. 2013;5:37-47. doi: 10.2147/DHPS.S28822. Epub 2013 Feb 
      26.