PMID- 23460657
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140303
LR  - 20220331
IS  - 1469-994X (Electronic)
IS  - 1462-2203 (Linking)
VI  - 15
IP  - 9
DP  - 2013 Sep
TI  - Wipe sampling for nicotine as a marker of thirdhand tobacco smoke contamination 
      on surfaces in homes, cars, and hotels.
PG  - 1555-63
LID - 10.1093/ntr/ntt014 [doi]
AB  - INTRODUCTION: Secondhand smoke contains a mixture of pollutants that can persist 
      in air, dust, and on surfaces for months or longer. This persistent residue is 
      known as thirdhand smoke (THS). Here, we detail a simple method of wipe sampling 
      for nicotine as a marker of accumulated THS on surfaces. METHODS: We analyzed 
      findings from 5 real-world studies to investigate the performance of wipe 
      sampling for nicotine on surfaces in homes, cars, and hotels in relation to 
      smoking behavior and smoking restrictions. RESULTS: The intraclass correlation 
      coefficient for side-by-side samples was 0.91 (95% CI: 0.87-0.94). Wipe sampling 
      for nicotine reliably distinguished between private homes, private cars, rental 
      cars, and hotels with and without smoking bans and was significantly positively 
      correlated with other measures of tobacco smoke contamination such as air and 
      dust nicotine. The sensitivity and specificity of possible threshold values (0.1, 
      1, and 10 mug/m(2)) were evaluated for distinguishing between nonsmoking and 
      smoking environments. Sensitivity was highest at a threshold of 0.1 mug/m(2), with 
      74%-100% of smoker environments showing nicotine levels above threshold. 
      Specificity was highest at a threshold of 10 mug/m(2), with 81%-100% of nonsmoker 
      environments showing nicotine levels below threshold. The optimal threshold will 
      depend on the desired balance of sensitivity and specificity and on the types of 
      smoking and nonsmoking environments. CONCLUSIONS: Surface wipe sampling for 
      nicotine is a reliable, valid, and relatively simple collection method to 
      quantify THS contamination on surfaces across a wide range of field settings and 
      to distinguish between nonsmoking and smoking environments.
FAU - Quintana, Penelope J E
AU  - Quintana PJ
AD  - Graduate School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile 
      Drive, San Diego, CA 4162, USA. jquintan@mail.sdsu.edu
FAU - Matt, Georg E
AU  - Matt GE
FAU - Chatfield, Dale
AU  - Chatfield D
FAU - Zakarian, Joy M
AU  - Zakarian JM
FAU - Fortmann, Addie L
AU  - Fortmann AL
FAU - Hoh, Eunha
AU  - Hoh E
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130304
PL  - England
TA  - Nicotine Tob Res
JT  - Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on 
      Nicotine and Tobacco
JID - 9815751
RN  - 0 (Tobacco Smoke Pollution)
RN  - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Automobiles
MH  - Environmental Monitoring/*methods
MH  - Humans
MH  - Nicotine/*analysis
MH  - Smoking
MH  - Tobacco Smoke Pollution/*analysis
EDAT- 2013/03/06 06:00
MHDA- 2014/03/04 06:00
CRDT- 2013/03/06 06:00
PHST- 2013/03/06 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/03/06 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/03/04 06:00 [medline]
AID - ntt014 [pii]
AID - 10.1093/ntr/ntt014 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Nicotine Tob Res. 2013 Sep;15(9):1555-63. doi: 10.1093/ntr/ntt014. Epub 2013 Mar 
      4.