PMID- 23461860
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20141107
LR  - 20220216
IS  - 1873-3441 (Electronic)
IS  - 0939-6411 (Print)
IS  - 0939-6411 (Linking)
VI  - 86
IP  - 2
DP  - 2014 Feb
TI  - Microneedle/nanoencapsulation-mediated transdermal delivery: mechanistic 
      insights.
PG  - 145-55
LID - S0939-6411(13)00051-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.01.026 [doi]
AB  - A systematic study was undertaken to gain more insight into the mechanism of 
      transdermal delivery of nanoencapsulated model dyes across microneedle 
      (MN)-treated skin, a complex process not yet explored. Rhodamine B (Rh B) and 
      fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) as model hydrophilic and hydrophobic 
      small/medium-size molecules, respectively, were encapsulated in poly 
      lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles (NPs) and delivered through full 
      thickness porcine skin pretreated with MN array. Permeation through MN-treated 
      skin was affected by physicochemical characteristics of NPs and the encapsulated 
      dyes. Dye flux was enhanced by smaller particle size, hydrophilicity, and 
      negative zeta potential of NPs. Regarding encapsulated dyes, solubility at 
      physiological pH and potential interaction with skin proteins proved to outweigh 
      molecular weight as determinants of skin permeation. Data were verified using 
      confocal laser scanning microscopy imaging. Findings coupled with the literature 
      data are supportive of a mechanism involving influx of NPs, particularly of 
      smaller size, deep into MN-created channels, generating depot dye-rich 
      reservoirs. Molecular diffusion of the released dye across viable skin layers 
      proceeds at a rate determined by its molecular characteristics. Data obtained 
      provide mechanistic information of importance to the development of formulation 
      strategies for more effective intradermal and transdermal MN-mediated delivery of 
      nanoencapsulated therapeutic agents.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Gomaa, Yasmine A
AU  - Gomaa YA
AD  - Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of 
      Strathclyde, Scotland, UK; Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, 
      Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
FAU - Garland, Martin J
AU  - Garland MJ
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
FAU - McInnes, Fiona J
AU  - McInnes FJ
AD  - Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of 
      Strathclyde, Scotland, UK.
FAU - Donnelly, Ryan F
AU  - Donnelly RF
AD  - School of Pharmacy, Queen's University of Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
FAU - El-Khordagui, Labiba K
AU  - El-Khordagui LK
AD  - Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, 
      Alexandria, Egypt. Electronic address: lakhalil@alexpharmacy.edu.eg.
FAU - Wilson, Clive G
AU  - Wilson CG
AD  - Strathclyde Institute of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences (SIPBS), University of 
      Strathclyde, Scotland, UK.
LA  - eng
GR  - BB/E020534/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United 
      Kingdom
GR  - BBE020534/1/BB_/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United 
      Kingdom
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130224
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Eur J Pharm Biopharm
JT  - European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics : official journal of 
      Arbeitsgemeinschaft fur Pharmazeutische Verfahrenstechnik e.V
JID - 9109778
RN  - 0 (Isothiocyanates)
RN  - 0 (Polyesters)
RN  - 0 (Polymers)
RN  - 0 (Rhodamines)
RN  - 3129-90-6 (isothiocyanic acid)
RN  - 33X04XA5AT (Lactic Acid)
RN  - 459TN2L5F5 (poly(lactide))
RN  - K7G5SCF8IL (rhodamine B)
RN  - TPY09G7XIR (Fluorescein)
SB  - IM
MH  - Administration, Cutaneous
MH  - Animals
MH  - Drug Delivery Systems/methods
MH  - Fluorescein/administration & dosage/chemistry
MH  - Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions
MH  - Isothiocyanates/administration & dosage/chemistry
MH  - Lactic Acid/administration & dosage/chemistry
MH  - Microinjections/methods
MH  - Nanoparticles/*administration & dosage/*chemistry/metabolism
MH  - Needles
MH  - Particle Size
MH  - Permeability
MH  - Polyesters
MH  - Polymers/administration & dosage/chemistry
MH  - Rhodamines/administration & dosage/chemistry
MH  - Skin/*metabolism
MH  - Skin Absorption
MH  - Solubility
MH  - Swine
PMC - PMC4074889
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Confocal laser scanning microscopy
OT  - Fluorescein isothicoyanate
OT  - Microneedles
OT  - PLGA nanoparticles
OT  - Rhodamine B
OT  - Skin permeation
OT  - Transdermal delivery
EDAT- 2013/03/07 06:00
MHDA- 2014/11/08 06:00
PMCR- 2014/02/01
CRDT- 2013/03/07 06:00
PHST- 2012/10/28 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/01/06 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/01/29 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/03/07 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/03/07 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/11/08 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/02/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - S0939-6411(13)00051-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.01.026 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2014 Feb;86(2):145-55. doi: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2013.01.026. 
      Epub 2013 Feb 24.