PMID- 23472836 OWN - NLM STAT- MEDLINE DCOM- 20140121 LR - 20130409 IS - 1879-1379 (Electronic) IS - 0022-3956 (Linking) VI - 47 IP - 6 DP - 2013 Jun TI - Chronic exposure to cigarette smoke during gestation results in altered cholinesterase enzyme activity and behavioral deficits in adult rat offspring: potential relevance to schizophrenia. PG - 740-6 LID - S0022-3956(13)00049-6 [pii] LID - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.02.001 [doi] AB - Prenatal cigarette smoke exposure (PCSE) has been associated with physiological and developmental changes that may be related to an increased risk for childhood and adult neuropsychiatric diseases. The present study investigated locomotor activity and cholinesterase enzyme activity in rats, following PCSE and/or ketamine treatment in adulthood. Pregnant female Wistar rats were exposed to 12 commercially filtered cigarettes per day for a period of 28 days. We evaluated motor activity and cholinesterase activity in the brain and serum of adult male offspring that were administered acute subanesthetic doses of ketamine (5, 15 and 25 mg/kg), which serves as an animal model of schizophrenia. To determine locomotor activity, we used the open field test. Cholinesterase activity was assessed by hydrolysis monitored spectrophotometrically. Our results show that both PCSE and ketamine treatment in the adult offspring induced increase of locomotor activity. Additionally, it was observed increase of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase activity in the brain and serum, respectively. We demonstrated that animals exposed to cigarettes in the prenatal period had increased the risk for psychotic symptoms in adulthood. This also occurs in a dose-dependent manner. These changes provoke molecular events that are not completely understood and may result in abnormal behavioral responses found in neuropsychiatric disorders, such as schizophrenia. CI - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. FAU - Zugno, Alexandra I AU - Zugno AI AD - Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Ciencia e Tecnologia Translacional em Medicina (INCT-TM), and Nucleo de Excelencia em Neurociencias Aplicadas de Santa Catarina (NENASC), Programa de Pos-Graduacao em Ciencias da Saude, Unidade Academica de Ciencias da Saude, Universidade do Extremo Sul Catarinense, 88806-000 Criciuma, SC, Brazil. alz@unesc.net FAU - Fraga, Daiane B AU - Fraga DB FAU - De Luca, Renata D AU - De Luca RD FAU - Ghedim, Fernando V AU - Ghedim FV FAU - Deroza, Pedro F AU - Deroza PF FAU - Cipriano, Andreza L AU - Cipriano AL FAU - Oliveira, Mariana B AU - Oliveira MB FAU - Heylmann, Alexandra S A AU - Heylmann AS FAU - Budni, Josiane AU - Budni J FAU - Souza, Renan P AU - Souza RP FAU - Quevedo, Joao AU - Quevedo J LA - eng PT - Journal Article PT - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't DEP - 20130306 PL - England TA - J Psychiatr Res JT - Journal of psychiatric research JID - 0376331 RN - 0 (Smoke) RN - 690G0D6V8H (Ketamine) RN - EC 3.1.1.8 (Cholinesterases) SB - IM MH - Animals MH - Cholinesterases/*drug effects MH - Disease Models, Animal MH - Female MH - Ketamine/administration & dosage/pharmacology MH - Maternal Exposure/adverse effects MH - Motor Activity/drug effects MH - Pregnancy MH - Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects/enzymology/*physiopathology MH - Rats MH - Rats, Wistar MH - Schizophrenia/chemically induced/enzymology/*physiopathology MH - Smoke/*adverse effects MH - Time Factors MH - Tobacco Products/*adverse effects EDAT- 2013/03/12 06:00 MHDA- 2014/01/22 06:00 CRDT- 2013/03/12 06:00 PHST- 2012/10/25 00:00 [received] PHST- 2013/02/06 00:00 [revised] PHST- 2013/02/07 00:00 [accepted] PHST- 2013/03/12 06:00 [entrez] PHST- 2013/03/12 06:00 [pubmed] PHST- 2014/01/22 06:00 [medline] AID - S0022-3956(13)00049-6 [pii] AID - 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.02.001 [doi] PST - ppublish SO - J Psychiatr Res. 2013 Jun;47(6):740-6. doi: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2013.02.001. Epub 2013 Mar 6.