PMID- 23505700
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130502
LR  - 20130319
IS  - 1042-7260 (Print)
IS  - 1042-7260 (Linking)
VI  - 44
IP  - 1
DP  - 2013 Mar
TI  - Serologic, parasitic, and bacteriologic assessment of captive cracids (Aves: 
      Galliformes: Cracidae) in Brazil.
PG  - 27-34
AB  - Captive cracids (Aves: Galliformes: Cracidae), including endangered species, were 
      studied (n = 130) for the assessment of health status, including Aburria 
      jacutinga (black-fronted piping-guan, n = 42), Crax blumenbachii (red-knobbed 
      curassow, n = 54), Craxfasciolata (bare-faced curassow, n = 28), and Penelope 
      obscura (dusky-legged guan, n = 6). The exposure to Mycoplasma gallisepticum 
      (MG), Mycoplasma synoviae (MS), Salmonella pullorum (SP), Salmonella gallinarum 
      (SG), avian paramyxovirus-1 (APMV-1), and infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) 
      were determined by serology, and SG and SP also were evaluated by culture. 
      Ectoparasites and endoparasites were identified using light microscopy. Sera were 
      negative by the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for antibodies to MG or MS, 
      although serum was reactive to MG (32%, 42/130) by the rapid serum agglutination 
      test (SAT). Although positive reactions (26.9%, 35/130) for SP and SG were 
      detected by SAT, cloacal swab cultures were negative for SP and SG. IBDV 
      antibodies were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in two dusky-legged 
      guans (1.5%, 2/130). HI antibody titers to APMV-1 were found in 20 (15.3%) 
      cracids, with titers ranging from 16 to 1,024. Fifty percent of birds (65/130) 
      had ectoparasites. Lice (Menacanthus spp.) and mites (Astigmata: Analgesidae, 
      Megninidae; Megninia spp.) were found in red-knobbed curassow; Megninia spp. also 
      were found in bare-faced curassow, black-fronted piping-guan, and dusky-legged 
      guan. Eleven black-fronted piping-guans presented dual parasitism by Megninia 
      spp. and Ornithonyssus spp. Endoparasites were detected in 16.1% (21/130) of 
      birds, and some with multiple parasites. Oocysts of coccidia and eggs of 
      Capillaria spp. (Nematoda: Trichuroidea) were found in the feces of red-knobbed 
      curassow. Eggs of Strongyloides spp. were found in the feces of bare-faced 
      curassow, and eggs of Ascaridia spp., Capillaria spp., and Strongyloides spp. 
      were found in black-fronted piping-guan. Cysts of Blastocystis spp. were found in 
      dusky-legged guan. Antibodies to IBDV and APMV-1 indicate previous exposure. 
      However, considering that birds were clinically normal, immune stimulation might 
      have been from live chicken vaccine strain infections that are widely used in 
      Brazilian poultry. The high parasitism levels indicate that a routine inspection 
      for internal and external parasites is warranted.
FAU - Marques, Marcus Vinicius Romero
AU  - Marques MV
AD  - Avian Diseases Laboratory, Departamento de Medicina Veterinaria Preventiva, 
      Escola de Veterinaria, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Antonio Carlos 
      6.627, Caixa Postal 567, CEP 30123-970, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
FAU - Junior, Francisco Carlos Ferreira
AU  - Junior FC
FAU - Andery, Danielle de Assis
AU  - Andery Dde A
FAU - Fernandes, Andre Almeida
AU  - Fernandes AA
FAU - de Araujo, Alessandra Vitelli
AU  - de Araujo AV
FAU - de Resende, Jose Sergio
AU  - de Resende JS
FAU - Martins, Nelson Rodrigo da Silva
AU  - Martins NR
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PL  - United States
TA  - J Zoo Wildl Med
JT  - Journal of zoo and wildlife medicine : official publication of the American 
      Association of Zoo Veterinarians
JID - 8915208
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Bacterial Infections/epidemiology/*veterinary
MH  - Bird Diseases/epidemiology/*microbiology/parasitology
MH  - Brazil/epidemiology
MH  - Ectoparasitic Infestations/*veterinary
MH  - Eye Diseases/epidemiology/veterinary
MH  - *Galliformes
MH  - Parasitic Diseases, Animal/epidemiology/*parasitology
MH  - Wounds and Injuries/epidemiology/veterinary
EDAT- 2013/03/20 06:00
MHDA- 2013/05/03 06:00
CRDT- 2013/03/20 06:00
PHST- 2013/03/20 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/03/20 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/05/03 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1638/1042-7260-44.1.27 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Zoo Wildl Med. 2013 Mar;44(1):27-34. doi: 10.1638/1042-7260-44.1.27.