PMID- 23527165
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130920
LR  - 20220316
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 3
DP  - 2013
TI  - Changes of functional and effective connectivity in smoking replenishment on 
      deprived heavy smokers: a resting-state FMRI study.
PG  - e59331
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0059331 [doi]
LID - e59331
AB  - Previous researches have explored the changes of functional connectivity caused 
      by smoking with the aid of fMRI. This study considers not only functional 
      connectivity but also effective connectivity regarding both brain networks and 
      brain regions by using a novel analysis framework that combines independent 
      component analysis (ICA) and Granger causality analysis (GCA). We conducted a 
      resting-state fMRI experiment in which twenty-one heavy smokers were scanned in 
      two sessions of different conditions: smoking abstinence followed by smoking 
      satiety. In our framework, group ICA was firstly adopted to obtain the spatial 
      patterns of the default-mode network (DMN), executive-control network (ECN), and 
      salience network (SN). Their associated time courses were analyzed using GCA, 
      showing that the effective connectivity from SN to DMN was reduced and that from 
      ECN/DMN to SN was enhanced after smoking replenishment. A paired t-test on ICA 
      spatial patterns revealed functional connectivity variation in regions such as 
      the insula, parahippocampus, precuneus, anterior cingulate cortex, supplementary 
      motor area, and ventromedial/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. These regions were 
      later selected as the regions of interest (ROIs), and their effective 
      connectivity was investigated subsequently using GCA. In smoking abstinence, the 
      insula showed the increased effective connectivity with the other ROIs; while in 
      smoking satiety, the parahippocampus had the enhanced inter-area effective 
      connectivity. These results demonstrate our hypothesis that for deprived heavy 
      smokers, smoking replenishment takes effect on both functional and effective 
      connectivity. Moreover, our analysis framework could be applied in a range of 
      neuroscience studies.
FAU - Ding, Xiaoyu
AU  - Ding X
AD  - Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Korea University, Anam-dong, 
      Seongbuk-ku, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
FAU - Lee, Seong-Whan
AU  - Lee SW
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130319
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
SB  - IM
MH  - Adult
MH  - Brain/*physiopathology
MH  - Causality
MH  - Connectome
MH  - Humans
MH  - Magnetic Resonance Imaging
MH  - Male
MH  - Republic of Korea
MH  - Smoking/*physiopathology
MH  - *Smoking Cessation
PMC - PMC3602016
COIS- Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.
EDAT- 2013/03/26 06:00
MHDA- 2013/09/21 06:00
PMCR- 2013/03/19
CRDT- 2013/03/26 06:00
PHST- 2012/10/29 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/02/13 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/03/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/03/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/09/21 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/03/19 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-12-33424 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0059331 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2013;8(3):e59331. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0059331. Epub 2013 Mar 19.