PMID- 23577161
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20131022
LR  - 20221207
IS  - 1932-6203 (Electronic)
IS  - 1932-6203 (Linking)
VI  - 8
IP  - 4
DP  - 2013
TI  - Detection of ancestry informative HLA alleles confirms the admixed origins of 
      Japanese population.
PG  - e60793
LID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0060793 [doi]
LID - e60793
AB  - The polymorphisms in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region are powerful tool 
      for studying human evolutionary processes. We investigated genetic structure of 
      Japanese by using five-locus HLA genotypes (HLA-A, -B, -C, -DRB1, and -DPB1) of 
      2,005 individuals from 10 regions of Japan. We found a significant level of 
      population substructure in Japanese; particularly the differentiation between 
      Okinawa Island and mainland Japanese. By using a plot of the principal component 
      scores, we identified ancestry informative alleles associated with the underlying 
      population substructure. We examined extent of linkage disequilibrium (LD) 
      between pairs of HLA alleles on the haplotypes that were differentiated among 
      regions. The LDs were strong and weak for pairs of HLA alleles characterized by 
      low and high frequencies in Okinawa Island, respectively. The five-locus 
      haplotypes whose alleles exhibit strong LD were unique to Japanese and South 
      Korean, suggesting that these haplotypes had been recently derived from the 
      Korean Peninsula. The alleles characterized by high frequency in Japanese 
      compared to South Korean formed segmented three-locus haplotype that was commonly 
      found in Aleuts, Eskimos, and North- and Meso-Americans but not observed in 
      Korean and Chinese. The serologically equivalent haplotype was found in Orchid 
      Island in Taiwan, Mongol, Siberia, and Arctic regions. It suggests that early 
      Japanese who existed prior to the migration wave from the Korean Peninsula shared 
      ancestry with northern Asian who moved to the New World via the Bering Strait 
      land bridge. These results may support the admixture model for peopling of 
      Japanese Archipelago.
FAU - Nakaoka, Hirofumi
AU  - Nakaoka H
AD  - Division of Human Genetics, Department of Integrated Genetics, National Institute 
      of Genetics, Mishima, Shizuoka, Japan.
FAU - Mitsunaga, Shigeki
AU  - Mitsunaga S
FAU - Hosomichi, Kazuyoshi
AU  - Hosomichi K
FAU - Shyh-Yuh, Liou
AU  - Shyh-Yuh L
FAU - Sawamoto, Taiji
AU  - Sawamoto T
FAU - Fujiwara, Tsutomu
AU  - Fujiwara T
FAU - Tsutsui, Naohisa
AU  - Tsutsui N
FAU - Suematsu, Koji
AU  - Suematsu K
FAU - Shinagawa, Akira
AU  - Shinagawa A
FAU - Inoko, Hidetoshi
AU  - Inoko H
FAU - Inoue, Ituro
AU  - Inoue I
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130405
PL  - United States
TA  - PLoS One
JT  - PloS one
JID - 101285081
RN  - 0 (HLA Antigens)
SB  - IM
MH  - *Alleles
MH  - Asian People/*genetics
MH  - *Evolution, Molecular
MH  - Genetic Loci/genetics
MH  - HLA Antigens/*genetics
MH  - Haplotypes/genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Linkage Disequilibrium/genetics
MH  - *Phylogeny
MH  - Polymorphism, Genetic/genetics
MH  - Principal Component Analysis
PMC - PMC3618337
COIS- Competing Interests: Authors whose affiliations are listed as GenoDive Pharma 
      Inc. are founders of this bio-venture company. Authors whose affiliations are 
      listed as Takeda Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., Astellas Pharma Inc., Otsuka 
      Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Taisho 
      Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., and Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd. are employees of these 
      pharmaceutical companies. All of them follow the PLOS ONE policies on sharing 
      data and materials.
EDAT- 2013/04/12 06:00
MHDA- 2013/10/23 06:00
PMCR- 2013/04/05
CRDT- 2013/04/12 06:00
PHST- 2012/09/18 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/03/03 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/04/12 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/04/12 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/10/23 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2013/04/05 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - PONE-D-12-28604 [pii]
AID - 10.1371/journal.pone.0060793 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - PLoS One. 2013;8(4):e60793. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060793. Epub 2013 Apr 5.