PMID- 23586478
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20131125
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1600-0536 (Electronic)
IS  - 0105-1873 (Linking)
VI  - 68
IP  - 5
DP  - 2013 May
TI  - Dimethylfumarate: potency prediction and clinical experience.
PG  - 269-72
LID - 10.1111/cod.12007 [doi]
AB  - BACKGROUND: Dimethylfumarate (DMF) was the cause of a major outbreak of allergic 
      contact dermatitis as a consequence of its use as an antifungal agent in leather 
      products, particularly in furniture, with what became known as 'toxic sofa 
      dermatitis'. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether the frequency and severity of 
      reactions to DMF arose as a function of its intrinsic potency and/or the nature 
      and extent of exposure. METHODS: The intrinsic potency of DMF was measured with 
      the standard local lymph node assay (LLNA), with determination of an EC3 value, 
      which is the threshold in the LLNA and serves as an indicator of relative 
      skin-sensitizing potency in humans. RESULTS: The EC3 value for DMF was 0.35% when 
      tested in dimethylformamide as a vehicle, indicating that DMF is a strong, but 
      not an extreme, skin sensitizer in this mouse model. CONCLUSIONS: DMF appears to 
      have a sensitizing potency in the mouse that is very similar to that of 
      formaldehyde, which is also a strong human skin sensitizer. However, the 
      frequency and intensity of allergic contact dermatitis reactions to DMF suggest 
      that it was the prolonged, repeated and occlusive exposure to this chemical over 
      large skin areas, combined with the strong sensitizing potency, that generated 
      the 'perfect storm' conditions that caused the DMF epidemic.
CI  - (c) 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S.
FAU - Basketter, David A
AU  - Basketter DA
AD  - DABMEB Consultancy Ltd, Sharnbrook MK44 1PR, UK. dabmebconsultancyltd@me.com
FAU - White, Ian R
AU  - White IR
FAU - Burleson, Florence G
AU  - Burleson FG
FAU - Burleson, Gary R
AU  - Burleson GR
FAU - Kimber, Ian
AU  - Kimber I
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130416
PL  - England
TA  - Contact Dermatitis
JT  - Contact dermatitis
JID - 7604950
RN  - 0 (Antifungal Agents)
RN  - 0 (Fumarates)
RN  - FO2303MNI2 (Dimethyl Fumarate)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animal Testing Alternatives/methods
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antifungal Agents/*toxicity
MH  - Dermatitis, Allergic Contact/etiology/*pathology
MH  - Dimethyl Fumarate
MH  - Environmental Exposure/*analysis
MH  - Environmental Monitoring
MH  - Fumarates/*analysis/*toxicity
MH  - Humans
MH  - Interior Design and Furnishings
MH  - Local Lymph Node Assay
MH  - Mice
MH  - Mice, Inbred CBA
MH  - Risk Assessment
MH  - Skin/*drug effects
MH  - Skin Irritancy Tests/*methods
EDAT- 2013/04/17 06:00
MHDA- 2013/12/16 06:00
CRDT- 2013/04/17 06:00
PHST- 2013/04/17 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/04/17 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/12/16 06:00 [medline]
AID - 10.1111/cod.12007 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Contact Dermatitis. 2013 May;68(5):269-72. doi: 10.1111/cod.12007. Epub 2013 Apr 
      16.