PMID- 23602986
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140110
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 1873-7064 (Electronic)
IS  - 0028-3908 (Linking)
VI  - 71
DP  - 2013 Aug
TI  - Neuroactive effects of cotinine on the hippocampus: behavioral and biochemical 
      parameters.
PG  - 292-8
LID - S0028-3908(13)00128-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.032 [doi]
AB  - The present work evaluated the effects of nicotine (NIC), cotinine (COT), 
      mecamylamine (MEC), methyllycaconitine (MLA) and dihydro-beta-eritroidine (DHbetaE) 
      on memory extinction and the following biochemical parameters of the hippocampus: 
      lipid peroxidation (LPO), antioxidant capacity (AC) and the phosphorylation of 
      Extracellular-Signal-Regulated Kinase (ERK 1/2). Young male rats that were 
      implanted bilaterally with cannulae were submitted to memory extinction tests 
      sessions, and their hippocampi were dissected for biochemical assays. The 
      extinction of fear memory was significantly improved by both nicotine and its 
      metabolite. Cotinine significantly increased LPO, while nicotine significantly 
      decreased it. Antioxidant capacity was increased by all treatments. Our results 
      showed that cotinine, unlike nicotine, may increase oxidative stress in the 
      hippocampus, but this increase depends upon the dose used and happens without 
      causing corresponding impairments in cognitive function. Cotinine also increased 
      the phosphorylation of ERK 1/2 in a similar fashion as nicotine. Considering 
      these results, it is plausible to wonder to what extent nicotine-attributed 
      effects are really due to the actions of this alkaloid and whether they could be 
      due instead to cotinine or to cotinine-nicotine interactions within the brain.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
FAU - de Aguiar, R B
AU  - de Aguiar RB
AD  - Programa de Pos Graduacao em Ciencias Fisiologicas: Fisiologia Animal Comparada, 
      Instituto de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Av. Italia, 
      Km 8 - Campus Carreiros, Cx. Postal 474, CEP 96201-900, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
FAU - Parfitt, G M
AU  - Parfitt GM
FAU - Jaboinski, J
AU  - Jaboinski J
FAU - Barros, D M
AU  - Barros DM
LA  - eng
PT  - Comparative Study
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130416
PL  - England
TA  - Neuropharmacology
JT  - Neuropharmacology
JID - 0236217
RN  - 0 (Antioxidants)
RN  - 0 (Nicotinic Agonists)
RN  - 0 (Nicotinic Antagonists)
RN  - 0 (Nootropic Agents)
RN  - 6M3C89ZY6R (Nicotine)
RN  - EC 2.7.11.24 (Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases)
RN  - K5161X06LL (Cotinine)
SB  - IM
MH  - Animals
MH  - Antioxidants/metabolism
MH  - Behavior, Animal/drug effects
MH  - Cotinine/administration & dosage/adverse effects/antagonists & 
      inhibitors/*pharmacology
MH  - Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
MH  - Extinction, Psychological/*drug effects
MH  - Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases/metabolism
MH  - Hippocampus/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Lipid Peroxidation/drug effects
MH  - Male
MH  - Memory/*drug effects
MH  - Neurons/*drug effects/metabolism
MH  - Nicotine/adverse effects/antagonists & inhibitors/pharmacology
MH  - Nicotinic Agonists/administration & dosage/adverse 
      effects/chemistry/*pharmacology
MH  - Nicotinic Antagonists/pharmacology
MH  - Nootropic Agents/administration & dosage/adverse effects/antagonists & 
      inhibitors/*pharmacology
MH  - Phosphorylation/drug effects
MH  - Protein Processing, Post-Translational/drug effects
MH  - Rats
MH  - Rats, Wistar
EDAT- 2013/04/23 06:00
MHDA- 2014/01/11 06:00
CRDT- 2013/04/23 06:00
PHST- 2012/04/02 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/03/15 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/03/19 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/04/23 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/04/23 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/01/11 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0028-3908(13)00128-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.032 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Neuropharmacology. 2013 Aug;71:292-8. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2013.03.032. Epub 
      2013 Apr 16.