PMID- 23611536
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140512
LR  - 20220408
IS  - 1573-2517 (Electronic)
IS  - 0165-0327 (Linking)
VI  - 150
IP  - 3
DP  - 2013 Sep 25
TI  - The societal cost of depression: evidence from 10,000 Swedish patients in 
      psychiatric care.
PG  - 790-7
LID - S0165-0327(13)00227-9 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.003 [doi]
AB  - OBJECTIVE: Depression cost studies have mainly taken a primary care perspective 
      and should be completed with cost estimates from psychiatric care. The objectives 
      of this study were to estimate the societal per-patient cost of depression in 
      specialized psychiatric care in Sweden, and to relate costs to disease severity, 
      depressive episodes, hospitalization, and patient functioning. METHODS: 
      Retrospective resource use data in inpatient and outpatient care for 2006-2008, 
      as well as ICD-10 diagnoses and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF), were 
      obtained from the Northern Stockholm psychiatric clinic (covering half of 
      Stockholm's population aged 18 years and above). As a complement, data from 
      national registers on pharmaceuticals and sick leave were used in order to 
      estimate the societal cost of depression. RESULTS: Based on 10,430 patients (63% 
      women), the mean annual per-patient cost was euro17,279 in 2008. The largest cost 
      item was indirect costs due to productivity losses (88%), followed by outpatient 
      care (6%). Patients with mild and severe depression had average costs of euro14,200 
      and euro21,500, respectively. Total costs were substantially higher during 
      depressive episodes, among patients with co-morbid psychosis or anxiety, for 
      hospitalized patients, and for patients with poor functioning. LIMITATIONS: 
      Primary care costs and costs for reduced productivity at work were not included. 
      CONCLUSIONS: The main cost item among depression patients in psychiatric care was 
      indirect costs. Costs were higher than previously reported for primary care, and 
      strongly related to hospitalization, depressive episodes, and low functioning. 
      This suggests that effective treatment that avoids depressive episodes and 
      hospitalization may reduce society's costs for depression.
CI  - (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Ekman, M
AU  - Ekman M
AD  - OptumInsight, Stockholm, Sweden. mattias.ekman@astrazeneca.com
FAU - Granstrom, O
AU  - Granstrom O
FAU - Omerov, S
AU  - Omerov S
FAU - Jacob, J
AU  - Jacob J
FAU - Landen, M
AU  - Landen M
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
DEP - 20130421
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - J Affect Disord
JT  - Journal of affective disorders
JID - 7906073
SB  - IM
MH  - Adolescent
MH  - Adult
MH  - Aged
MH  - Aged, 80 and over
MH  - Ambulatory Care/economics
MH  - Comorbidity
MH  - *Cost of Illness
MH  - Depressive Disorder, Major/*economics
MH  - Female
MH  - Health Care Costs
MH  - Health Resources/economics
MH  - Hospitalization/economics
MH  - Humans
MH  - International Classification of Diseases/standards
MH  - Male
MH  - Middle Aged
MH  - Primary Health Care/economics
MH  - Retrospective Studies
MH  - Sick Leave/economics
MH  - Sweden/epidemiology
MH  - Young Adult
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Burden-of-illness
OT  - Cost
OT  - Depression
OT  - Resource use
EDAT- 2013/04/25 06:00
MHDA- 2014/05/13 06:00
CRDT- 2013/04/25 06:00
PHST- 2012/10/22 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/03/04 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/03/06 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/04/25 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/04/25 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/05/13 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0165-0327(13)00227-9 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.003 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Affect Disord. 2013 Sep 25;150(3):790-7. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.03.003. Epub 
      2013 Apr 21.