PMID- 23616660
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130812
LR  - 20211021
IS  - 1098-5514 (Electronic)
IS  - 0022-538X (Print)
IS  - 0022-538X (Linking)
VI  - 87
IP  - 13
DP  - 2013 Jul
TI  - Adaptation of avian influenza A virus polymerase in mammals to overcome the host 
      species barrier.
PG  - 7200-9
LID - 10.1128/JVI.00980-13 [doi]
AB  - Avian influenza A viruses, such as the highly pathogenic avian H5N1 viruses, 
      sporadically enter the human population but often do not transmit between 
      individuals. In rare cases, however, they establish a new lineage in humans. In 
      addition to well-characterized barriers to cell entry, one major hurdle which 
      avian viruses must overcome is their poor polymerase activity in human cells. 
      There is compelling evidence that these viruses overcome this obstacle by 
      acquiring adaptive mutations in the polymerase subunits PB1, PB2, and PA and the 
      nucleoprotein (NP) as well as in the novel polymerase cofactor nuclear export 
      protein (NEP). Recent findings suggest that synthesis of the viral genome may 
      represent the major defect of avian polymerases in human cells. While the precise 
      mechanisms remain to be unveiled, it appears that a broad spectrum of polymerase 
      adaptive mutations can act collectively to overcome this defect. Thus, 
      identification and monitoring of emerging adaptive mutations that further 
      increase polymerase activity in human cells are critical to estimate the pandemic 
      potential of avian viruses.
FAU - Manz, Benjamin
AU  - Manz B
AD  - Department of Virology, Institute for Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, 
      University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
FAU - Schwemmle, Martin
AU  - Schwemmle M
FAU - Brunotte, Linda
AU  - Brunotte L
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
PT  - Review
DEP - 20130424
PL  - United States
TA  - J Virol
JT  - Journal of virology
JID - 0113724
RN  - 0 (Nucleoproteins)
RN  - 0 (Viral Proteins)
RN  - EC 2.7.7.6 (DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adaptation, Biological/*genetics
MH  - Animals
MH  - Birds
MH  - DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Host-Pathogen Interactions/*genetics
MH  - Humans
MH  - Influenza A virus/*enzymology
MH  - Influenza in Birds/*virology
MH  - Models, Biological
MH  - Mutation/genetics
MH  - Nucleoproteins/*genetics
MH  - Species Specificity
MH  - Viral Proteins/genetics/*metabolism
MH  - Virus Replication/genetics/physiology
PMC - PMC3700283
EDAT- 2013/04/26 06:00
MHDA- 2013/08/13 06:00
PMCR- 2014/01/01
CRDT- 2013/04/26 06:00
PHST- 2013/04/26 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/04/26 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/08/13 06:00 [medline]
PHST- 2014/01/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - JVI.00980-13 [pii]
AID - 00980-13 [pii]
AID - 10.1128/JVI.00980-13 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - J Virol. 2013 Jul;87(13):7200-9. doi: 10.1128/JVI.00980-13. Epub 2013 Apr 24.