PMID- 23622200
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140401
LR  - 20151119
IS  - 0072-9752 (Print)
IS  - 0072-9752 (Linking)
VI  - 111
DP  - 2013
TI  - Immune-mediated pediatric epilepsies.
PG  - 521-31
LID - B978-0-444-52891-9.00055-5 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/B978-0-444-52891-9.00055-5 [doi]
AB  - Apart from Rasmussen encephalitis, other immune-mediated brain disorders have 
      emerged that are frequently associated with recurrent epileptic seizures: (1) 
      limbic encephalitis, (2) anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis, 
      and (3) steroid-responsive encephalopathy associated with autoimmune thyroiditis 
      (SREAT, formerly called Hashimoto encephalopathy). Limbic encephalitis mainly 
      affects the mediotemporal aspect of the cortex giving rise to temporal lobe 
      seizures and memory and affective disturbances. It can occur as a paraneoplastic 
      or, even more frequently, a nonparaneoplastic condition. Detection of specific 
      autoantibodies may suggest underlying cancer (onconeural antibodies) and may give 
      hints regarding the long-term prognosis. VGKC-complex or GAD antibodies have been 
      identified in children. Anti-NMDAR encephalitis is a disorder mainly of female 
      adolescents and young adults. Patients present with seizures in around one-third 
      of cases, and 80% of patients develop recurrent, mainly extratemporal seizures at 
      some stage of their disorder. The clinical course is that of a mostly monophasic, 
      but sometimes multiphasic, severe cortico-subcortical encephalopathy. Ovarian 
      teratomas underlie the disorder in 30-60% of adult cases but are rare in young 
      children. Tumor removal and early intense immunotherapy are predictors for a 
      favorable outcome. SREAT is not a disorder with definite pathogenesis but rather 
      a "catch all" for encephalopathic immune-mediated brain diseases (often with 
      seizures) which have in common thyroid antibodies and a good response to steroid 
      therapy.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
FAU - Bien, Christian G
AU  - Bien CG
AD  - Epilepsy Center Bethel, Bielefeld, Germany. Electronic address: 
      christian.bien@mara.de.
FAU - Vincent, Angela
AU  - Vincent A
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
PL  - Netherlands
TA  - Handb Clin Neurol
JT  - Handbook of clinical neurology
JID - 0166161
RN  - 0 (Autoantibodies)
RN  - Hashimoto's encephalitis
SB  - IM
MH  - Anti-N-Methyl-D-Aspartate Receptor Encephalitis/*complications/diagnosis
MH  - Autoantibodies
MH  - Brain Diseases/*complications/diagnosis
MH  - Diagnosis, Differential
MH  - Encephalitis
MH  - *Epilepsy/diagnosis/etiology/therapy
MH  - Hashimoto Disease/*complications/diagnosis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Limbic Encephalitis/*complications/diagnosis
MH  - Pediatrics
EDAT- 2013/04/30 06:00
MHDA- 2014/04/02 06:00
CRDT- 2013/04/30 06:00
PHST- 2013/04/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/04/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/04/02 06:00 [medline]
AID - B978-0-444-52891-9.00055-5 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/B978-0-444-52891-9.00055-5 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Handb Clin Neurol. 2013;111:521-31. doi: 10.1016/B978-0-444-52891-9.00055-5.