PMID- 23626902
OWN - NLM
STAT- PubMed-not-MEDLINE
DCOM- 20130430
LR  - 20220409
IS  - 2042-0188 (Print)
IS  - 2042-0196 (Electronic)
IS  - 2042-0188 (Linking)
VI  - 4
IP  - 2
DP  - 2013 Apr
TI  - The importance of local criteria in the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome in Saudi 
      Arabia.
PG  - 51-9
LID - 10.1177/2042018813483165 [doi]
AB  - The clustering of risk factors predisposing an individual to cardiovascular 
      morbidity and mortality are usually referred to as the 'metabolic syndrome' (MS). 
      Several definitions exist, causing confusion to practicing clinicians. A 
      consensus definition was reached by several major organizations stating that the 
      presence of any three of five risk factors (abdominal obesity, elevated 
      triglyceride, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated blood 
      pressure, and elevated fasting glucose) constitutes a diagnosis. Cutoff points 
      for each of the risk factors were defined, taking into account ethnicity in case 
      of abdominal obesity. The prevalence of MS has been reported to be on the rise 
      globally, and was mainly attributed to changes in diet and lifestyle, in addition 
      to genetic factors and metabolic susceptibility. The risk of cardiovascular 
      disease (CVD) has almost doubled and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes 
      mellitus (T2DM) has increased fivefold in individuals diagnosed with MS. The 
      prevalence T2DM in Saudi Arabia is increasing, making it an epidemic health 
      hazard. Intervention programs to decrease the risk of progression from MS to full 
      T2DM, and later CVD have been successful in many countries. Therefore, diagnosing 
      MS is important to address risk factors and to prevent progression to the more 
      serious chronic conditions. The prevalence of MS in Saudi adults varies from 16% 
      to 40% depending on the definition used and the study location. Use of the 
      consensus definition might decrease the number of missed cases. However, in the 
      absence of local cutoff points for various risk factors for MS, the use of ratios 
      such as waist/hip ratio and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density 
      lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, and family history of diabetes and CVD might aid 
      diagnosis. Priority should be given to establishing national normal ranges, 
      screening programs for hyperglycemia and hypertension, and community-directed 
      programs to combat obesity and inactivity.
FAU - Bahijri, Suhad M
AU  - Bahijri SM
AD  - Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz 
      University, PO Box 80205, Jeddah 21589, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
FAU - Al Raddadi, Rajaa M
AU  - Al Raddadi RM
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PL  - United States
TA  - Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab
JT  - Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism
JID - 101532143
PMC - PMC3632005
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Saudis
OT  - criteria
OT  - definition
OT  - metabolic syndrome
OT  - prevalence
COIS- Conflict of interest statement: The authors declare no conflicts of interest in 
      preparing this article.
EDAT- 2013/04/30 06:00
MHDA- 2013/04/30 06:01
PMCR- 2013/04/01
CRDT- 2013/04/30 06:00
PHST- 2013/04/30 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/04/30 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2013/04/30 06:01 [medline]
PHST- 2013/04/01 00:00 [pmc-release]
AID - 10.1177_2042018813483165 [pii]
AID - 10.1177/2042018813483165 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab. 2013 Apr;4(2):51-9. doi: 10.1177/2042018813483165.