PMID- 23680095
OWN - NLM
STAT- MEDLINE
DCOM- 20140404
LR  - 20171116
IS  - 1873-2933 (Electronic)
IS  - 0009-9120 (Linking)
VI  - 46
IP  - 15
DP  - 2013 Oct
TI  - A quick look at biochemistry: carbohydrate metabolism.
PG  - 1339-52
LID - S0009-9120(13)00167-7 [pii]
LID - 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.04.027 [doi]
AB  - In mammals, there are different metabolic pathways in cells that break down fuel 
      molecules to transfer their energy into high energy compounds such as 
      adenosine-5'-triphosphate (ATP), guanosine-5'-triphosphate (GTP), reduced 
      nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH2), reduced flavin adenine dinucleotide 
      (FADH2) and reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH2). This 
      process is called cellular respiration. In carbohydrate metabolism, the breakdown 
      starts from digestion of food in the gastrointestinal tract and is followed by 
      absorption of carbohydrate components by the enterocytes in the form of 
      monosaccharides. Monosaccharides are transferred to cells for aerobic and 
      anaerobic respiration via glycolysis, citric acid cycle and pentose phosphate 
      pathway to be used in the starvation state. In the normal state, the skeletal 
      muscle and liver cells store monosaccharides in the form of glycogen. In the 
      obesity state, the extra glucose is converted to triglycerides via lipogenesis 
      and is stored in the lipid droplets of adipocytes. In the lipotoxicity state, the 
      lipid droplets of other tissues such as the liver, skeletal muscle and pancreatic 
      beta cells also accumulate triacylglycerol. This event is the axis of the 
      pathogenesis of metabolic dysregulation in insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome 
      and type 2 diabetes. In this paper a summary of the metabolism of carbohydrates 
      is presented in a way that researchers can follow the biochemical processes 
      easily.
CI  - Copyright (c) 2013 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier 
      Inc. All rights reserved.
FAU - Dashty, Monireh
AU  - Dashty M
AD  - Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of 
      Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands. Electronic 
      address: M.Dashti.Rahmatabadi@med.umcg.nl.
LA  - eng
PT  - Journal Article
PT  - Review
DEP - 20130514
PL  - United States
TA  - Clin Biochem
JT  - Clinical biochemistry
JID - 0133660
RN  - 0 (Monosaccharides)
SB  - IM
MH  - Adipose Tissue/metabolism
MH  - Animals
MH  - *Citric Acid Cycle
MH  - *Gluconeogenesis
MH  - *Glycolysis
MH  - Humans
MH  - Liver/metabolism
MH  - Metabolic Syndrome/metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - Monosaccharides/metabolism
MH  - Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
MH  - Obesity/metabolism/physiopathology
MH  - *Pentose Phosphate Pathway
OTO - NOTNLM
OT  - Carbohydrate
OT  - Gluconeogenesis
OT  - Glycogenesis
OT  - Glycogenolysis
OT  - Glycolysis
OT  - Oxidative pathway
OT  - Pentose phosphate pathway
OT  - Pyruvate decarboxylation
EDAT- 2013/05/18 06:00
MHDA- 2014/04/05 06:00
CRDT- 2013/05/18 06:00
PHST- 2012/10/17 00:00 [received]
PHST- 2013/04/18 00:00 [revised]
PHST- 2013/04/20 00:00 [accepted]
PHST- 2013/05/18 06:00 [entrez]
PHST- 2013/05/18 06:00 [pubmed]
PHST- 2014/04/05 06:00 [medline]
AID - S0009-9120(13)00167-7 [pii]
AID - 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.04.027 [doi]
PST - ppublish
SO  - Clin Biochem. 2013 Oct;46(15):1339-52. doi: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2013.04.027. 
      Epub 2013 May 14.